Questions tagged [locality]
The locality tag has no usage guidance.
181
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What is the main reason for the locality of Einstein's equivalence principle?
Einstein's equivalence principle (EEP) states:
"Locally, a free-fall frame in a gravitational field is equivalent to an inertial frame in space in the absence of a gravitational field".
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1
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1answer
49 views
Non-analytic functions and non-local Lagrangians
Infinite sums of increasingly higher-order derivatives, when present in Lagrangians, are typically taken as a sign of nonlocality. This is supposed to rule out fractional, negative and exotic (for ...
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Locality & Effective field theories
I know that in general locality is a much desired/needed feature of a field theory, e.g. Standard Model. What I would like to know is which principle forbids non-local terms in a Lagrangian density.
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Why Locality meant jointly observable?
Tobias Osborne's lecture around 20:00, he mentioned that the ideal of "Locality" could be expressed as such
If $x-y$ were space-like, then for all observable $A_{j,x}$ and $A_{k,y}$ were ...
3
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Lattice differentiation and Locality
Assume we define the locality of a theory in the following way:
Assume we have a theory of real scalars, so this theory is non local if the action has terms like
$$\int d^dx\,\phi(x)V(x-y)\phi(y).$$
...
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1answer
43 views
Rewriting the equation governing local transport into $\nabla (\ln(\sigma)) \cdot \nabla U_0 =− \nabla ^2(U_0)$
A paper concerning local sheet conductivity and sheet current density says the equation governing local transport $$\nabla \cdot \vec{j} = − \nabla\cdot(\sigma \nabla U) = 0,$$ where U denotes the ...
4
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1answer
54 views
What is a “quasi-local” charge?
Could someone please tell me what is a quasi-local charge? For instance, why are Brown-York charges called quasi-local?
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2answers
64 views
Why quantum mechanics doesn’t break locality in entanglement but hidden variables theories will?
What makes it so that quantum mechanics doesn’t break locality in entanglement yet hidden variable theories will?
In Bell‘s inequality said that hidden variables theories need to break locality in ...
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1answer
93 views
QFTs without Lagrangian
I have been reading other questions in this site, but I have not found answers to all my questions about theories without Lagrangians.
What do we mean exactly when we say that they do not have a ...
4
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2answers
60 views
What is locality?
In QFT and statistical mechanics, one is usually interested in studying integrals of the form:
$$Z(\phi) =\int d\mu_{C}(\phi')e^{-V(\phi+\phi')}$$
where $\mu_{C}$ is Gaussian measure with mean zero ...
2
votes
1answer
80 views
What is the mathematical meaning of locality?
I have read on the Principle of locality Wikipedia page that:
"The special theory of relativity limits the speed at which all such influences can travel to the speed of light, c. Therefore, the ...
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1answer
95 views
Particle picture in position space in quantum field theory
When I operate $a^{\dagger}_k$ on vacuum, $|0\rangle$, I get a particle created in momentum space with a 4-momentum equal to $(\omega_k, \vec{k})$ where $\omega_k=\sqrt{m^2+\vec{k}^2}$ here I'm only ...
4
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5answers
295 views
Is wave function collapse non-local or local?
Imagine a particle in a very large box which takes years to travel from one end to the other. Alice and Bob are outside the box, on opposing ends. Each can remove their side of the box to check if the ...
0
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1answer
86 views
Local fields vs particles
I have heard it said that Richard Feynman was a proponent of a particle approach to QFT while Julian Schwinger preferred a local fields description. What is meant by “local fields”? Surely when one ...
0
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1answer
58 views
Euclidean view in curved manifold
Let's suppose I am an ant who lives in a 2D curved space. Locally the world seems 2d-euclidean to me, but it is not if I consider a large portion of space.
Now let's consider a human being who lives ...
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1answer
118 views
Why is there no gauge-invariant local operator in GR?
I have a hard time understanding why the bulk locality is a question. I know some operator which depends on a particular coordinate $x$, $O(x)$, and its correlation function like $ \langle O(x)O(y) \...
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3answers
385 views
Don't these experiments suggest that locality has to be abandoned in the quantum realm?
First a quick recap because maybe my understanding/assumptions are flawed (you can jump to the question highlighted in bold below if you like to):
Bell's inequalities require that an accurate(ly ...
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1answer
80 views
How come subatomic particles interact with each other while not being in contact? [closed]
Although electrons stays away from protons an atom remains electrically neutral
But two atoms one positively charged and another negatively charged remain so until they comes in contact.
Can the ...
4
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2answers
197 views
Could there exist a “locality” field? [closed]
What I mean is (and I'm a layperson on the subject), can there exist a field that pervades the universe - like the Higgs field - that interacts with particles to give them "distance" or "space" ...
0
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1answer
89 views
Why using time-ordering causality? and what is Difference between Locality and Causality?
In QFT, the time-ordering causality is generally used.
There are 4 ways to bypassing the pole called time-ordering, anti-time-ordering, retarded and advanced.
But in many case only time-ordered ...
2
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1answer
66 views
Replication of Single Particle QM with Local Hidden Variables
In learning device-independent QM from [https://arxiv.org/abs/1303.3081], Scarani tells us that all quantum statistics involving one particle can be reproduced with local (hidden) variables. He then ...
4
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2answers
685 views
What is a local operator in quantum mechanics?
In quantum mechanics, what exactly is meant by "local" operator?
What about a "global" or a "non-local" operator? Are these the same?
Can you also also help me understand what exactly is a local ...
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2answers
118 views
Difference between an entangled pair of photon and two magnets in a box? [duplicate]
I try to understand quantum entanglement and especially what it’s called « Action at a distance »
from my understanding, if you have a pair of entangled photon, after measuring the polarization of ...
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2answers
200 views
Why do physicists say information can't travel faster than light speed?
I often hear in physics videos light speed is the ultimate speedlimit two parts of the universe can communicate at, or even that speed of light is actual speed of causality.
Where does that notion ...
2
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2answers
143 views
How Maxwell theory of electromagnetism solved action at a distance problem?
According to wikipedia Maxwell's equations were an essential inspiration for Einstein's development of special relativity. Possibly the most important aspect was their denial of instantaneous action ...
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Does reality express non-local realism, local non-realism or non-local non-realism? [closed]
So I read that Bell's tests prove that reality cannot follow the requirements of both realism and locality. My understanding is that:
Realism: Objects have definite properties before they are ...
2
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0answers
93 views
Locality and relativity - a paradox?
The equations of nature are supposed to exhibit locality in the sense that the action depends on fields and their derivatives. i.e. comparing the values of fields at local points.
But two points on a ...
2
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2answers
69 views
Physics solely in terms of local observables
Practically all of the physics equations I've encountered are written in terms of what might be called "remote observables", such as the distances between objects in Euclidean space or between events ...
0
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1answer
108 views
Reality, locality, and universality in the EPR paradox
Apologies if this has been asked before. I did some searching but didn't see it anywhere asked quite like this. Thanks in advance for any insights.
Caveat: I am an organic chemist and thus ...
0
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1answer
186 views
Does Bell's theorem imply nonlocality using a false assumption? [closed]
In https://arxiv.org/abs/1409.5158, the author concludes that Bell tests cannot refute local realism, because they employ a wrong analysis. He says:
"The quantum joint prediction cannot be ...
2
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1answer
99 views
Why does the Lagrangian Density have to be a polynomial of the field?
In a lecture, a professor appeared to have said that the Lagrangian can only contain terms that have powers of $\phi$ and a term with $\partial_\mu \partial^\mu \phi$ . I imagine this would make any ...
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1answer
203 views
Localization of photon
Is the photon localized at the instant of its Emission (release)?
by an accelarating charge
by Atom´s emission
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10answers
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How do we know quantum entanglement works no matter the distance?
It is said quantum entanglement works regardless of distance. 2 particles can be entangled and information is shared instantaneously, even if they are lightyears away from each other.
But how do we ...
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0answers
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Non-locality of the Madelung equations?
As far as I understand, the Madelung equations
$$
\frac{\partial \rho}{\partial t} + \nabla \cdot \rho \mathbf{u} = 0 \\
\frac{\partial \mathbf{u}}{\partial t} + \mathbf{u} \cdot \nabla \mathbf{u} = -\...
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3answers
275 views
How exactly does the proof of Bell's theorem fail if you remove the locality assumption?
In this paper Bell derives his famous inequality using the assumtions of locality and realism. In order to understand how the locality assumption affects the derivation of the inequality, and why it ...
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0answers
38 views
Are there any black hole information loss solutions that do not resort to non-locality?
It seems as though all solutions to the information paradox resort to non local effects. What solutions do we have that preserve locality?
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1answer
68 views
Local operators in quatum mechanics
I was reading about LOCC recently, wherein two parties (Alice and Bob) are only allowed to apply local unitaries in their corresponding qubits and communicate classicaly.
To motivate this situation, ...
3
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1answer
102 views
Why do we only time-evolve one operator in the Lieb-Robinson bound?
Background
The Lieb-Robinson bound is said to provide some notion of causality in non-relativistic quantum systems with bounded local interactions. Formally, it can be stated as follows.
Theorem (...
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0answers
70 views
Decomposition of rank-2 field and local interactions
Any rank-2 tensor can be decomposed in the following way
$$
\phi_{\mu\nu} =\phi_{\mu\nu}^{TT} + \partial_{(\mu}\xi_{\nu)} +\frac{1}{4}T_{\mu\nu}s+\frac{1}{4}L_{\mu\nu}(w-3s)
$$
where $\phi_{\mu\nu}^{...
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What does it mean be gravity propagates with $c$? [duplicate]
I know that gravity propagates with speed of light. Does it mean that if Earth's orbit will disturb after 2 years if a supermassive black hole suddenly appears 2 light years away? Is this related to ...
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1answer
245 views
Where is locality used in CHSH/Bell's inequality?
A very similar question is asked here, but I'm still confused :(
From Bell, in a hidden variable model, $A = A(\lambda, a)=\pm 1$ is the observed spin of the first particle around axis $a$, and $B = ...
2
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1answer
80 views
What is the effect of the locality condition if a „Rindler observer“ hovers close to a black hole?
Consider a „Rindler observer“ hovering close to the event horizon of a black hole, whereby flat spacetime is assumed locally.
Does this observer see the same Unruh radiation like a Rindler observer ...
2
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1answer
81 views
Distinguish Definitions: Realism Scientific, Realism, and realistic
I was readying about study about bell's theorem, where I had the question about some definitions.
Here's some of my summaries:
Scientific Realism:
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_realism#...
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0answers
65 views
Why can't a localized state thermalize?
I am trying to get my head around Anderson localization and many body localization, and currently am looking at this article. In the first paragraph the author states
First, since a localized state ...
2
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0answers
48 views
How does one define locality in a discrete system?
Consider a discrete system, such as a spin chain or spin net. Generally I think we can define such as system as a (undirected) graph, with various quantum operators (such as spin operators) "living" ...
3
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1answer
294 views
In what sense is a separable potential maximally non-local?
A (rank-one) separable potential is an operator $V$ with the coordinate representation $$ \langle \mathbf r' | V | \mathbf r \rangle = - A u(r) u(r')$$ where $u(r)$ is a real-valued function. It is ...
2
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2answers
408 views
Proof of cluster decomposition theorem
I have looked through a few lits but can't find a proof for cluster decomposition theorem, which states that asymptotically separated apart operators cannot influence each other. Is there a formal ...
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1answer
78 views
Basic question about local algebras in AQFT
AQFT (algebraic quantum field theory) assigns "local algebras of observables" to bounded regions of spacetime, in particular to double-cone ("diamond") regions. These algebras' projection operators ...
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0answers
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Relativity and Bell's inequalities
I am reading a collection of interviews taken with prominent physicists as in an aftermath of famous Alain Aspect experiment. Between them John Bell states that if local realism has to go, he would be ...
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Does Bell's theorem have anything to say about the locality or realism of Quantum Mechanics?
In the original paper written by Bell, it's clear to me that what he's really trying to answer is what class of Classical Theories (that obey the laws of classical probability theory) can replicate ...
