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Anything that produces a fragment of a nucleus could be interpreted in either of two ways: a certain number of protons and neutrons broke off of the clump, or the single particle divided into separate … The popular science material always talks about the number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus, but I've always wondered if that's a real thing nuclear physicists believe or if it is just a convenient …

You are correct that electrons are the majority charge carriers in metallic conductors, which make up most of the current path in a typical electric circuit. But not all conductors are metallic. In pu …

In the proton case, the dripline separation energy at calcium-33 actually is negative, while the nucleus holds on to its protons more and more tightly as we approach the proton-deficient neutron drip line … Notice that the proton energy levels are further apart than the neutron energy levels, thanks to electrical repulsion among the protons. …

There is another force between protons which is stronger that electromagnetism, but it has a finite range, so it disappears over length scales longer than a nucleus. … However, when two protons are many $r_\pi$ apart from each other, the exponential in the Yukawa term totally kills the strong attraction, and only the electromagnetic repulsion remains. …

You do not need the volume. You need the number density, $$ n=\frac NV=\frac p{kT} $$ Then the product $n\ell$, with $\ell$ the known thickness of your target, is the number of scatterers per unit are …

However, that only works because protons, neutrons, and electrons are subject to “number conservation laws.” … Protons and neutrons are “baryons,” and there is no known process which can change the number of baryons in a closed system. …

Electrons in atoms have eV-scale kinetic and potential energies. Using the nonrelativistic kinetic energy $$ T = \frac{p^2}{2m} = \frac{(pc)^2}{2mc^2} $$ we get typical momentum $$ pc \sim \sqrt{T\cd …

The Particle Data Group lists a branching ratio of $\Gamma_{n\to\rm H\bar\nu} < 2.7\times 10^{-3}$, with the non-discovery discussed in papers from 1990 and from 2018. (It might be polite for someone …

there is still a sense in which the nucleons retain their individual identities Sort of. Don’t forget that nucleons are indistinguishable particles. Your nuclear state must be anti symmetric agains …

All protons are indistinguishable in their rest frames. A moving proton is entirely the same particle as a stationary one. …

This is a question that doesn't really have an answer, because you can't really separate the proton's angular momentum into "spin" and "orbital" parts. For electronic systems, you have pretty good qua …

Yes. The interior of a proton includes not only virtual quark-antiquark pairs, but virtual photons, virtual electron-positron pairs, and virtual neutrino-antineutrino pairs, for exactly the reasons y …

The electric polarizabilities for the proton and neutron, catalogued for example by the Particle Data Group, are about a thousand times smaller than you would expect from doing dimensional analysis. I …

It’s not that protons can’t be transferred. It’s just that if we lived in a place where proton transfer was common, we would have a very different perspective on chemistry. …

Protons are indistinguishable particles; they all have the same mass, exactly. …