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There are very many mobile electrons ALREADY in a wire when a switch is closed, it is not 'extra' electrons that are injected at one end that conduct. … A one ampere current delivers 6 x 10^18 electrons per second, so it will replace the free electrons in that wire, after three hours or so. …

A solid material may have nearly-free electrons which will respond to the electric field of any photon. Mirrors reflect because of an aluminum or silver layer. … Window glass is transparent because it lacks conduction electrons like a metal, but there is still somewhat of a reflection possible, because every atom has the potential to respond to an electric field …

If one charges an insulator, then yes, sometimes the excess charge stays on the insulator. A charged particle is attracted to any polarizable medium (static cling, in your socks, is this effect, wri …

Is it correct to say that the force that the electrons in the wire experience is actually an indirect force from the battery which is transferred along the length of the wire by several planes of electrons …

Those outer shell (conduction) electrons are free to hop from atom to atom. But even if you apply force to those electrons, they are NOT free to leave the metal's outer surface. … The (net positive) charge of the atomic nucleus (plus its inner electrons) attracts (binds) the "free" conduction electrons. shouldn't only the electrons be moving. …

Electrons in a beam DO repel each other. In order to focus in a cathode ray tube, tricks are employed (axial magnetic field) that cause convergence at the screen surface. …

No one produces a pure gas of ions, because there is no practical way to force separation of charge that would survive collisions between molecules, and no way to hold such a gas against repulsion of …

The important thing is, the near-the-dome parts of your hair (which now have excess electrons) may create ions in the air as those electrons both repel their neighboring electrons in the hair and are attracted … Yes, it can remove electrons from your hair. The electrons eventually will pull the heavy air molecule to the van de Graaff dome, possibly sticking to other molecules or dust motes as well. …

Free electrons (like, charges in space) certainly can carry current. So can the electrons in a metal (at least some of them), because of the nature of metallic bonding. … The loose electrons are unlikely to be found anywhere except the lowest-energy available orbitals, the 'conduction band'. …

Because a high population of holes and electrons would cause a very FAST rate of recombination (faster than thermal generation occurs) , and a very low population of holes or electrons would cause very … But, conduction of electricity depends on the SUM of the holes and electrons. …

Yes, of course diffusion currents (charge moving from higher concentration to lower concentration) can occur in metals. There are also contact potentials (charge redistribution from metals with a hig …

Electrons, like gas molecules, will diffuse. So, a material with a high concentration of surface electrons will lose some to any material nearby that has a lower concentration. …

This is experimental data from metallic silver, and the 'excess' electron will join all the conduction electrons and achieve thermal equilibrium. … Sometimes the energy spectrum of emitted electrons (Auger electrons) is informative, and even just a few eV above the edge energy (which is over 20,000 eV) that electron may leave the sample. …

An electron, left to itself, does not emit a photon. You can get it to emit a photon only by acceleration (application of force), or by interaction with other matter. The emission of a photon ha …

Yes, it is possible to trap a molecular ion. Paul and Penning traps are well developed for the purpose of holding a single particle (or small bunch) in place. It is also possible to cool such a mo …