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A vector space $\mathfrak{g}$ over some field $F$ and kitted with a bilinear, antisymmetric and Jacobi-identity-fulfilling product ("Lie Bracket" or "commutator"). In physics, most often arises as the Lie algebra (tangent space to the identity) of a Lie group; in gauge theories, basis vectors of the gauge group's Lie algebra correspond to Noether currents and conserved quantities.
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Dimension and Basis properties of $SU(N)$
$SU(N)$ is the group of special unitary matrices of dimension $N$, i.e., the set of all unitary ($U^{\dagger}U=I$) $N\times N$ matrices with $\det(U)=1$.
For $N=2$, these matrices are spanned by the …