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Optics is the study of light, and its interaction with matter. It includes topics such as imaging systems, fiber optics, lasers, quantum optics, and more.

2 votes

Ideal distance of eye from a lens

The fact that the image size changes when you move your eye towards or from the lens means that the rays leaving the lens are divergent or convergent (see top image). Telescopes are, however, construc …
Ondřej Černotík's user avatar
3 votes

Brewster angle with diffraction propagation?

You can have vector diffraction theory as John suggests or, if you want to use just scalar theory, you can use normal modes. In general, you then need to find two orthogonal polarization modes that do …
Ondřej Černotík's user avatar
10 votes
Accepted

Optics: Derivation of $\vec\nabla{n} = \frac{d(n\hat{u})}{ds}$

I guess you can find more about its derivation in, e.g., Born and Wolf's Principles of optics or in Fundamentals of Photonics by Saleh and Teich. …
Ondřej Černotík's user avatar
1 vote

How to draw a ray diagram from focal length, object and image heights?

If you know the height of the object, you can draw a ray that is parallel to the optical axis. And you should know how that gets refracted from the lens. Similarly, if you know the height of the (inve …
Ondřej Černotík's user avatar
9 votes
Accepted

Beam splitters- Direction of use

A beam splitter works like a mirror that transmits part of the light. So there is always part of light that goes directly through without changing the direction. The rest gets reflected from the dia …
Ondřej Černotík's user avatar
2 votes
Accepted

Difference in perception of unpolarized and polarized light

Our eyes cannot see any difference between ordinary (i.e., unpolarized) and polarized light. You can check it yourself, if you look through a polarizer (for example, some sunglasses have one). All you …
Ondřej Černotík's user avatar
1 vote
Accepted

Transmission of Gaussian Beam Through Graded-Index Slab

The ABCD law can be used for Gaussian beam propagation using the complex beam radius $q$. Defining $\frac{1}{q} = \frac{1}{R}-i\frac{2}{kW^2}$, $R = R(z)$ being the radius of curvature of the beam and …
Ondřej Černotík's user avatar
10 votes
Accepted

Optical equivalent of a superconductor

You can have light that travels through a material without absorption; that happens in nonlinear optics with self-induced transparency. …
Ondřej Černotík's user avatar