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While reading the paper: "Graphene bilayers with a twist" I came across this sentence: "To carry out transport or STS measurements, additional fabrication steps are necessary, including depositing the stack on another hBN flake to complete the encapsulation, and depositing metallic gates and contacts." What are the metallic gates here exactly? What is meant by gates? PS: I really don't know what it even means so I would appreciate a simple explanation

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Gates are conducting stripes placed near, but not in electric contact with, a two-dimensional electron gas or other thin conducting layer (such as graphene). A positive voltage applied to the gate attracts electrons in thegas and a negative votage repels them. If the negative voltage is high enough the electrons cannot get though the barrier which becomes a "gate" controling the flow. This is how field effect transistors work. It's a bit like the "grid" in vacuum tubes

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  • $\begingroup$ Thank you this was really helpful $\endgroup$
    – nouha
    Commented Feb 13, 2023 at 14:19

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