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3 votes
2 answers
614 views

Understanding dependent/independent variables in physics

How does one determine the independent and dependent variables? What do the terms mean? Can they be derived from a formula? For example I saw in a textbook $F = k\Delta l$, Hooke's Law, that $F$ is ...
E C's user avatar
  • 148
2 votes
0 answers
143 views

Understanding the Degrees of freedom of a Ballbot

A Ball Balancing Robot is dynamically stable robot capable of omnidirectional motion. It possesses non-holonomic properties and is a special case of underactuated system, classified as a Shape-...
欲しい未来's user avatar
1 vote
4 answers
1k views

What are the degrees of freedom of a dumbbell?

Edit 1: May be I should modify my question after getting the answers. I see why $(X_c, Y_c, Z_c, \theta, \phi)$ are legitimate Dof's of the dumb-bell, I never had any problem with that. Please ...
Anu3082's user avatar
  • 182
1 vote
2 answers
88 views

Why the notion of degree of freedom is correct?

The intuitional definition for number of degrees of freedom is following: it is the minimal amount of numbers which allows us to describe the system's configuration correctly. For example, for dot ...
Alex Goldstein's user avatar
0 votes
2 answers
217 views

Dynamics: why do physicists include derivatives like $\dot{\theta}$ in the state space for a system like a pendulum?

I come from statistics, so my experience with physics is spotty, especially on some simple stuff. I have been working on some applications related to control theory lately, and was looking at some ...
krishnab's user avatar
  • 181