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In that question and its answers it was mentioned that you could trigger radioactive decay by bombarding atoms with gamma rays of the right energy level (there may be other solutions I do not know about, but of course if you bombard with neutrons you can trigger nuclear reactions)

I am mainly interested by beta-decay. Is it possible to decrease the probability of the beta decay of some radioactive material by a physical treatment?

Is the rate fairly independant of temperature and external magnetic field for instance?

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Yes. Have a look:

“The ‘Reifenschweiler effect’ is the observation that the beta-decay of tritium half-life 12.5 years is delayed reversibly by about 25-30% when the isotope is absorbed in 15 nm titanium-clusters in a temperature window in between 160-275 C. Remarkably at 360 C the original radioactivity reappears. The effect is absent in bulk metal. Discovered around 1960/1962 at Philips Research Eindhoven, The Netherlands Reifenschweiler extensively discussed his observation with o.a Casimir (the director of research at the time), Kistemaker (ultracentrifuge expert), and although no satisfactory explanation was found, R. was allowed to publish it. At the time a unique example as to how an electronic environment might affect nuclear phenomena.”

Here is a speculation to explain the effect.

if the first link stays dead , here is an archive of it.

As there is very little on the web since 2011, and the main site is nor responding, it was probably a speculation and measurement problems, see here.

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    $\begingroup$ Is this reproducible? Is there a consensus among physicists that it exists? You'll forgive me for doubting that website... $\endgroup$
    – Keenan Pepper
    Commented May 13, 2011 at 6:02
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    $\begingroup$ yeah i would like to know more about further validation experiments that have happened, i couldn't find many references on this effect $\endgroup$
    – lurscher
    Commented May 13, 2011 at 16:35
  • $\begingroup$ thanks a lot for this reference. Like other commentators, I wish there would be more work on this kind of effect. Perhaps modern modelization and theoretical tools could help find an interpretation for this. $\endgroup$
    – Eric
    Commented May 28, 2011 at 11:30
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    $\begingroup$ Looks like bogus science to me. $\endgroup$
    – user4552
    Commented Aug 14, 2011 at 20:13
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    $\begingroup$ @rob there seem to be other , more recent , models than the one you propose so "wrong" is not proven. $\endgroup$
    – anna v
    Commented Dec 9, 2016 at 4:59
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A special kind of decay, electron capture $\beta^+$ decay, by definition depends on the electron density of the environment, which may change with pressure, chemical composition etc. There's a Wikipedia article: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Change_of_decay_rate

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  • $\begingroup$ Could there be a link between this and the effect quoted by anna v? $\endgroup$
    – Eric
    Commented May 28, 2011 at 11:34
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    $\begingroup$ @Eric: No, the "Reifenschweiler effect" is kook stuff. $\endgroup$
    – user4552
    Commented Aug 23, 2013 at 17:39
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It is possible to increase the probability of the beta decay

For the $\beta^+$-decay of $^{22}\text{Na}$ in the metallic environment Pd cooled to T=12K the $^{22}\text{Na}$ half-life was observed to be shorter by $1.2\pm 0.2$%

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