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Thornton Marion

The varied path represented by $\delta y$ can be thought of physically as a virtual displacement from the actual path consistent with all the forces and constraints (see Figure above).

The varied path $\delta y$, in fact, need not even correspond to a possible path of motion

Doesn't the second quote contradict the first. The first says the virtual path is a possible path, the second says it need not be?

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  • $\begingroup$ I think the first quote says that the varied path $\delta y$ can correspond to any arbitrary trajectory connecting the two end points . The second quote states that the varied path may not satisfy the equation of motion, i.e. the varied path may not be the actual path that will get traversed by the classical particle $\endgroup$
    – KP99
    Commented Jul 13, 2021 at 15:57

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Tl;DR: A virtual displacement is by definition frozen in time and hence never corresponds to an actual path of motion.

The other hallmark of a virtual displacement is that it obeys the constraints. For more information, see e.g. this, this, this & this related Phys.SE post.

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First of all, the first statement is wrong, the condition of being consistent with forces should be eliminated, retaining the consistency with constraints. Because if it is not eliminated, then the first statement is basically saying that the varied path is kinematically admissible, or in your phrase, possible path, which is wrong. So yes, the two statements contradict each other, but that is due to an incorrect definition of virtual displacement in the first statement. In the second statement, the reason why virtual displacements are not possible displacements, in general, is that virtual displacement is considered at a certain moment of time for a system with $dt=0$ while kinematically admissble/possible displacements have to take the change of the constraints with time into consideration. For instance, let suppose there is a particle being able to slide along a straight rigid rod rotating about a fixed point at either its ends. In this case, the virtual displacement vectors can only point along the rod, since by definition, we neglect the rotation of the rod, hence no angular velocity imposed on the particle by the rod. For possible displacements, we need to consider the rotation of the rod and add up the imposed angular velocity and any velocity of the particle on the road. Hence the possible displacement vectors will not point along the rod at the very least since rotation of the constraining rod is considered.

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