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I have a gauge theory with some rather strange covariant derivatives and I am wondering how they act on a composite field like $\psi= \phi\psi'$. In my setup, the covariant derivative acting on a scalar and on a fermion are defined as follows.

$$ D_\mu\phi = (\partial_\mu - \frac{1}{2}\kappa_\mu)\phi \quad , \quad D_\mu\psi = (\partial_\mu + \Gamma_\mu)\psi $$

I have made the field redefinition $\psi= \phi\psi'$ and I am wondering how the covariant derivative behaves in my fermion kinetic term $i\bar{\psi}\gamma^\mu D_\mu\psi$. Should we expand the derivative before we do the chain rule, or after? Explicitly, which of the following is correct?

(i) $D_\mu\psi = (\partial_\mu + \Gamma_\mu)\psi = (\partial_\mu + \Gamma_\mu)\phi\psi' = \phi\partial_\mu\psi' + \psi'\partial_\mu\phi + \Gamma_\mu\phi\psi'$

(ii) $D_\mu\psi = D_\mu(\phi\psi') = \phi(D_\mu\psi') + \psi'(D_\mu\phi) = \phi(\partial_\mu + \Gamma_\mu)\psi' + \psi'(\partial_\mu - \frac{1}{2}\kappa_\mu)\phi $

It seems that (ii) is correct if $D_\mu$ is truly a derivative in the sense of basic calculus, but I can also see why (i) might be right. I won't go into my hand-wavy reasoning here - is there a formal way to see which is correct?

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  • $\begingroup$ check the transformation properties of the kinetic term you quote under gauge transformations. presumably only one of the two choices (if either of the two) will be gauge invariant. $\endgroup$ Commented Apr 8, 2019 at 20:07
  • $\begingroup$ @Wakabaloola I don't think either choice is invariant. I am left with $i\phi^{-1/2}\bar{\psi}\gamma^\mu D_\mu\psi$ after a conformal transformation and I defined $\psi'$ in order to canonically normalize my fermion kinetic term. $\endgroup$
    – JeffK
    Commented Apr 8, 2019 at 21:42
  • $\begingroup$ hmm. i'm not sure. you might need to let the connection transform as well under your field redefinition, such that gauge invariance remains intact. (Incidentally, why are conformal transformations relevant here?) $\endgroup$ Commented Apr 8, 2019 at 21:53
  • $\begingroup$ @ChiralAnomaly The scalar is charged with respect to $\kappa_\mu$, but the fermion is not. May I ask which of the following two options you think is correct? Let's say I want to calculate $D_\mu(\phi^2)$. (i) $D_\mu(\phi^2) = (\partial_\mu -\frac{1}{2}\kappa_\mu)(\phi^2) = 2\phi\partial_\mu\phi -\frac{1}{2}\kappa_\mu\phi^2$ (ii)$D_\mu(\phi^2) = 2\phi(D_\mu\phi) = 2\phi\partial\phi - \kappa_\mu\phi^2$ The difference in this case is just a factor of 2 on the last term, but it essentially the same question. $\endgroup$
    – JeffK
    Commented Apr 8, 2019 at 21:53
  • $\begingroup$ @Wakabaloola I have already taken the connection into account here. Apologies for the vague nature of the following, but this is part of a paper I am working on involving Weyl geometric gravity coupled to fermions. $\kappa_\mu$ is the Weyl gauge field and the conformal transformation is done in order to go to unitary gauge. There are a bunch of other terms in my Lagrangian that would make this more clear, but I don't want to put the whole thing on here. Please see my last comment to ChiralAnomaly where I put forward a toy model of my question. What would you say is correct in that case? $\endgroup$
    – JeffK
    Commented Apr 8, 2019 at 22:02

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