0
$\begingroup$

When writing down the many particle wavefunction, we write: $$ \begin{aligned} \psi_{\alpha_1\alpha_2\dots\alpha_N}(\vec r_1,\dots,\vec r_N)&=(\vec r_1\dots\vec r_N|\alpha_1\dots\alpha_N)\\ &=(\langle\vec r_1|\otimes\langle\vec r_2|\otimes\dots\otimes\langle\vec r_N|)(|\alpha_1\rangle\otimes|\alpha_2\rangle\otimes\dots\otimes|\alpha_N\rangle)\\ &=\phi_{\alpha_1}(\vec r_1)\phi_{\alpha_2}(\vec r_2)\dots\phi_{\alpha_N}(\vec r_N). \end{aligned} $$

My question is how do we get the third step from second. I know that: $$\phi_{\alpha_1}(\vec{r}_{1}) = \langle\vec{r}_{1}|\alpha_{1}\rangle $$ Are we assuming that: $$\phi_{\alpha_1}(\vec{r}_{1}) = \langle\vec{r}_{1}\otimes\alpha_{1}\rangle $$ If so why are there no cross terms like $$\langle\vec{r}_{1}\otimes\alpha_{2}\rangle $$ ?

Someone please clarify.

$\endgroup$
2
  • $\begingroup$ Kindly learn how to use \langle and \rangle instead of < and > when typesetting in LaTex (Mathjax). $\endgroup$
    – DanielC
    Commented Oct 8, 2017 at 10:42
  • $\begingroup$ Total spin of two spin-1/2 particles $\endgroup$
    – Voulkos
    Commented Oct 8, 2017 at 11:15

1 Answer 1

3
$\begingroup$

An operator $A\otimes B$ acts on a vector $u\otimes v$ as

$$ (A\otimes B)(u\otimes v) = (Au)\otimes(Bv) $$

by definition, ie

$$ (\langle \vec r_1|\otimes\langle \vec r_2|)\,(|\alpha_1\rangle\otimes|\alpha_2\rangle) = \langle \vec r_1|\alpha_1\rangle\otimes\langle \vec r_2|\alpha_2\rangle = \langle \vec r_1|\alpha_1\rangle \cdot\langle \vec r_2|\alpha_2\rangle $$

as the tensor product on scalars is just the regular one.

$\endgroup$
5
  • $\begingroup$ Still that tensor product symbol will remain in the third step, where did it vanish? $\endgroup$
    – Draco_1125
    Commented Oct 8, 2017 at 8:54
  • $\begingroup$ @SSP_user5275: because you're dealing with scalar functions, cf edit $\endgroup$
    – Christoph
    Commented Oct 8, 2017 at 9:23
  • $\begingroup$ Oh got that. But why in the definition the cross terms are not involved? Is it because we are trying to take the projection of state of particle 2 in the position coordinate of particle 1, which is meaningless? $\endgroup$
    – Draco_1125
    Commented Oct 8, 2017 at 10:22
  • $\begingroup$ @SSP_user5275 It goes back to the definition: $(A\otimes B)(u\otimes v):= (Au)\otimes (Bv)$ with no cross terms. The first slot of $(A\otimes B)$ “sees” the first slot of $(u\otimes v)$, the second slot of $(A\otimes B)$ “sees” the second slot of $(u\otimes v)$ etc by definition of the tensor product. $\endgroup$ Commented Oct 8, 2017 at 11:24
  • $\begingroup$ @SSP_user5275: That's correct. The tensor product is used to create arbitrary compound systems (or add degrees of freedom), and operations on one subsystem may be entirely meaningless on a different one. But note that in case of identical particles, only symmetrized states (in case of bosons) or anti-symmetrized states (in case of fermions) appear in nature. $\endgroup$
    – Christoph
    Commented Oct 8, 2017 at 11:36

Your Answer

By clicking “Post Your Answer”, you agree to our terms of service and acknowledge you have read our privacy policy.

Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged or ask your own question.