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There are claims like this one that you can improve the cooling speed of beverages when you put them wrapped in a wet paper towel inside the refrigerator/freezer.

enter image description here

I've just tried it by myself and it seems it does not work as expected, although I might have confused freezer with refrigerator.

My question:

Is this kind of an urban legend or does it actually help?

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    $\begingroup$ Wrapping a wet paper towel around an object is definitely effective for cooling hot objects, and it has a very quick effect. I suspect the effect on already cold objects is much weaker. $\endgroup$ Commented Apr 11, 2014 at 11:59
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    $\begingroup$ Slightly related: It is well known that if you ever find yourself with warm beer in a hot desert with lots of wind and some shade (eg Baja Mexico), without ice, you hang your beer in a wet sock in the shade and after a short while you'll be enjoying a nice and cold beverage. $\endgroup$
    – Nick P
    Commented Apr 13, 2015 at 16:42
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    $\begingroup$ It must be a freezer. The point is that the air in the freezer is entirely dry, so the water from the wet towel will evaporate rapidly, cooling the bottle. The same isn't true in the refrigerator, which would make it cool (slightly) slower, since there's little evaporation (due to the low temperature and relatively high humidity) while you add a small amount of extra mass to be cooled. Cooling your beverage this way will result in an ice build-up in the freezer, though :) $\endgroup$
    – Luaan
    Commented Apr 10, 2017 at 8:04

7 Answers 7

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I actually went ahead and spent some hours experimenting. Used two 500ml aluminum beer cans filled with water at room temperature, 21.4°C. One can wrapped in a paper towel soaked with an additional 20ml of water, one left bare as control. Shoved both in my small, non-ventilated house freezer at -14°C and measured temperature and weight every twenty minutes until water in both cans started forming ice. These are the results.

cooling chart

Allowing for some error from my cheap digital food thermometer, the towel-wrapped can cooled quite a bit faster than the control one. In fact, it reached the 4°C serving temperature in about 50 mins, more than an hour earlier than the control can. Notably, by that time it had already lost some 6ml of water, I suppose through evaporation/minor dripping, and ended up losing a total of 10ml by the end of the experiment (the control only lost 2ml).

So yes, the wet paper towel trick does seem to work quite nicely. I'd expect it to work even better if one were to use a ventilated freezer (faster heat exchange) and smaller containers (greater surface/volume ratio).

I also had a properly sealed beer can in there with a wet towel, same starting temperature, and it cooled to serving temp at about the same rate as the other can. A little quicker, because it wasn't taken out of the freezer for measurements until the 1-hour mark, when it was ready to be in my tummy.

Not very academic maybe, but I hope this provides some useful info!

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    $\begingroup$ No Problem. Summer starts today and everybody should know how to best get a cool drink :D $\endgroup$
    – Andy
    Commented Jun 22, 2014 at 6:27
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    $\begingroup$ Excellent :-) A well deserved +1 (and a cold beer of course :-) $\endgroup$ Commented Jun 22, 2014 at 6:39
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    $\begingroup$ You weighed them with the towels still on? So the water was lost from the towel? $\endgroup$ Commented Jun 15, 2015 at 2:23
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It may actually work, as evaporating liquids need heat to evaporate, and water will somewhat evaporate even in the fridge.

I am not sure it works in practice, because the paper also causes an adverse effect, it provides insulation,

Hard to tell which effect is dominant.

I'm pretty sure that the balance of both effects depends in a very large part on the physical structure of the paper used.
There are multiple independent physical effects in relation to the paper:

  • On the picture, we see there is air under or inside of the paper in some locations. I would think of the contribution to heat flow to be similar to the cooling from evaporation, except for the sign.
    This is related to the paper structure by depending on how "soft" the paper is - when it is wet, but was not wet for a long time.

  • the total effect of cooling is related to the time the surface of the paper stays wet, and after that, to the time the paper stays wet at all. The mention of a paper towel supports this idea, because paper towels are specifically optimized to keep water.

  • The inner surface area of the paper gets very relevant at the time the surface is not longer "fully wet".

  • For the relevance of the size of the paper's pores, the same holds like for the inner surface above.

  • If the water on and in paper freezes, the result is a layer of - depending on how wet it was - porous material, insolating relatively well.

  • Dry paper is insolating.


There are also relevant effects not related to the paper:

  • The air temperature influences the rate of evaporation. When it is colder, the evaporation is slower, so that the cooling effect is weaker when it's cold.

  • Evaporation depends on humidity of air. And humidity of air in a fridge largely depends on condensation on the surface of the cooling elements. That depends on the surface temperature, which in turn depends both on the user set temperature, but, to a large part on the geometry of the cooling element! [1] But, quite counter-intuitively, not directly on the fridges overall temperature as set by the user.

  • If it's very cold, the upper layer (or more) of the wet paper could freeze, leaving just a little sublimation instead of evaporation for cooling. See the paper section for paper related effects of freezing.

  • Some fridges use an internal fan to make move more cold air to goods hard to reach from the cooling element. As for the bottle moving more air around also means moving more moisture away, allowing for more evaporation, it could help the cooling effect a lot. Additionally, condensation of the moisture elsewhere in the fridge is made quicker in a similar/inverse way.


[1] Simplified, the geometry of the cooling element is about the area available to exchange heat. If it is large, a small temparature difference is enough for cooling. That reduces condensation on the element - keeping more moisture in the air. If it is small, it needs to be freezing cold, collecting moisture as ice. A medium size collects moisture by condensing to water - which is often removed through a small drain pipe. (Simplifying by ignoring the influence on convection near the cooling surface.)

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  • $\begingroup$ Thanks! Is there a rough estimate on the percentage of improvement? Like 1-2% or more like 70-80%? $\endgroup$
    – Uwe Keim
    Commented Apr 11, 2014 at 11:37
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    $\begingroup$ Yea, I just noticed that's the part where the answer will start to be more complex than I expected... also more interesting, ...let me go grab a coffee :) $\endgroup$ Commented Apr 11, 2014 at 11:40
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    $\begingroup$ @UweKeim Sorry, lost a proposed edit, in a conflict - not sure it was from you, but if so, feel free to ally it again, I'll take a break now :) $\endgroup$ Commented Apr 11, 2014 at 12:29
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    $\begingroup$ +1 for the detail and correctness but -1 for using the "word" "guesstimate" $\endgroup$
    – Jim
    Commented Apr 11, 2014 at 22:40
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    $\begingroup$ @UweKeim Oh, indeed - I did not draw a conclusion, need to add something. Hmm... I would best describe it as saying "'It depends!' and then going on and on to explain aspects it depends on until getting tired and forgetting to state a conclusion." $\endgroup$ Commented Apr 12, 2014 at 18:37
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John R. Leeman did a simple study similar to the one described in Andy's answer.

Leeman's conclusion was:

Depending on how you wrap the paper towel it will either have no effect or slow down the cooling of your favorite drink.

This conflicts with Andy's answer. Seems more data is needed.

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Even though evaporation gives some bonus boost to the cooling process, the main factor affecting it in this case is the conductivity of water. Water conducts heat way faster than air, so having the beer covered in liquid (through the paper) will conduct the beer's heat to the freezer faster, thus cooling the beer. This is why the trick works way better when the can/bottle is touching the walls of the freezer, or some frozen product you might have inside. Still because air is a poor conductor.

Keep on smiling!

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I believe the 'urban legend' you are referring to is about cooling a bottle when you do not have a refrigerator. On a hot and windy day you could store your bottle in the sunlight, but it would be better in the shade, but if you really wanted to cool the bottle by a few more degrees, the 'myth' says wrap it in wet paper or cloth. During the time when the paper/cloth is wet, evaporative cooling should affect the bottle. If paper or cloth dries out -add more water. The stronger the wind, the faster the cooling, and this should be enough to stop your beer being warm, or stop your milk going off too quickly. Putting it in the fridge as you suggested will keep it out of the cooling 'breeze', and the cold of the fridge will also slow the rate of evaporation and hence less cooling effect.

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    $\begingroup$ I have to ask: Is your answer a "yes" or a "no" to my question? (i.e. does it improve the cooling speed or not?) $\endgroup$
    – Uwe Keim
    Commented Apr 12, 2014 at 17:23
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    $\begingroup$ @Uwe Keim If you are putting the damped bottles in the fridge and expect a noticeable extra cooling, the I would say it is a no. Use the same idea out of the fridge then yes, you will get a noticeable cooling effect. Difference between the cooling in the fridge and out of the fridge is best determined by experiment, using thermometers rather than using your own tastebuds to determine which is cooler (more fun, but less scientific!) $\endgroup$ Commented Apr 12, 2014 at 18:13
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The air in the freezer is a poor conductor of heat. The greater surface area of the porous paper along with its heat conducting water allows it to act as a heat sinc. It transfers heat from the liquid to the glass or aluminium and then to the water in the paper which sheds the energy by conducting it to the surrounding materials such as the air and the floor, as well as via evaporative cooling. It should also be a good idea to maximise the contact area to the back wall of the freezer as it is in contact with the cooling elements, thus increasing the rate at which heat can be drawn from the beverage.

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  • $\begingroup$ ...so even though the matter around the wrapped can is not as cold as the unwrapped can, the thermal conductivity is higher, which is really all that matters. Nice. $\endgroup$ Commented Aug 13, 2016 at 1:40
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I tested it against a control and it worked. Used longneck glass bottles. Didn't measure the difference but the difference was notable to the touch after half an hour.

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