Motivation.

I was recently reviewing the section 3.10 in Sakurai's quantum mechanics in which he discusses tensor operators, and I was left desiring a more mathematically general/precise discussion. I then skimmed the Wikipedia page on tensor operators, and felt similarly dissatisfied. Here's why

In these discussions, one essentially defines an indexed set of operators $T_{i_1\cdots i_k}$ to be a "cartesian" tensor operator of rank $k$ provided $$ U(R)\, T_{i_1\cdots i_k}\, U^\dagger(R) = R_{i_1}^{\phantom{i_1}j_1}\cdots R_{i_1}^{\phantom{i_1}j_1}T_{j_1\cdots j_k} $$ for each rotation $R\in\mathrm{SO}(3)$ where $U$ is some unitary representation of $\mathrm{SO}(3)$ acting on a Hilbert space (usually that of some physical system whose behavior under rotations we with to study). Similarly one defines a "spherical" tensor operator of rank $k$ as an indexed set of operators $T^{(k)}_{q}$ with $-k<q,q'<k$ for which $$ U(R)\,T_q^{(k)}\,U^\dagger(R) = \sum_{q'=-k}^kD_{q'q}^{(k)}(R)T_{q'}^{(k)} $$ where $D^{(k)}$ is the irreducible representation of $\mathrm{SO}(3)$ of dimension $k$.

Based on these standard definitions, I would think that one could define something less "coordinate-dependent" and extended to representations of any group, not just $\mathrm{SO}(3)$, as follows.

Candidate Definition. Let a group $G$ be given. Let $U$ be a unitary representation of $G$ on a Hilbert space $\mathcal H$, and let $\rho$ be a representation of $G$ on a finite-dimensional, real vector space $V$. A $k$-multilinear, linear operator-valued function $T:V^k\to \mathrm{Lin}(\mathcal H)$ is called a tensor operator relative to the pair of representations $U$ and $\rho$ provided \begin{align} U(g) T(v_1, \dots, v_k) U(g)^\dagger = T(\rho(g)v_1, \dots, \rho(g)v_k) \end{align} for all $g\in G$ and for all $v_1, \dots, v_k\in V$.

Notice that if a basis $u_1, \dots, u_N$ for $V$ is given, and if we define the components $T_{i_1,\dots i_k}$ of $T$ in this basis by \begin{align} T_{i_1 \dots i_k} = T(u_{i_1}, \dots, u_{i_k}) \end{align} and if $\rho(g)_i^{\phantom ij}$ denotes the matrix representation of $\rho(g)$ in this basis, then by using multilinearity the defining property of a tensor operator can be written as follows \begin{align} U(g) T_{i_1\cdots i_k} U^\dagger(g) = \rho(g)_{i_1}^{\phantom {i_1}j_1}\cdots \rho(g)_{i_k}^{\phantom {i_k}j_k} T_{j_1\cdots j_k} \end{align} So this definition immediately reproduces the cartesian tensor definition above if we take $G=\mathrm{SO}(3)$, $\rho(R) = R$, and similarly for the spherical tensor definition if we take $\rho = D^{(n)}$ and $k=1$.

Question.

Is the sort of object I just defined the "proper" formalization/generalization of the notion of tensor operators used in physics; it seems to contain the notion of tensor operator used in the physics literature? Is there any literature on the sort of object I define here? I would think that the answer would be yes since this sort of thing seems to me like a natural generalization a mathematically-minded physicist might like to study.

Motivation.

I was recently reviewing the section 3.10 in Sakurai's quantum mechanics in which he discusses tensor operators, and I was left desiring a more mathematically general/precise discussion. I then skimmed the Wikipedia page on tensor operators, and felt similarly dissatisfied. Here's why

In these discussions, one essentially defines an indexed set of operators $T_{i_1\cdots i_k}$ to be a "cartesian" tensor operator of rank $k$ provided $$ U(R)\, T_{i_1\cdots i_k}\, U^\dagger(R) = R_{i_1}^{\phantom{i_1}j_1}\cdots R_{i_1}^{\phantom{i_1}j_1}T_{j_1\cdots j_k} $$ for each rotation $R\in\mathrm{SO}(3)$ where $U$ is some unitary representation of $\mathrm{SO}(3)$ acting on a Hilbert space (usually that of some physical system whose behavior under rotations we with to study). Similarly one defines a "spherical" tensor operator of rank $n$ as an indexed set of operators $T^{(n)}_{q}$ with $-n<q,q'<n$ for which $$ U(R)\,T_q^{(n)}\,U^\dagger(R) = \sum_{q'=-n}^n D_{q'q}^{(n)}(R)T_{q'}^{(n)} $$ where $D^{(n)}$ is the irreducible representation of $\mathrm{SO}(3)$ of dimension $n$.

Based on these standard definitions, I would think that one could define something less "coordinate-dependent" and extended to representations of any group, not just $\mathrm{SO}(3)$, as follows.

Candidate Definition. Let a group $G$ be given. Let $U$ be a unitary representation of $G$ on a Hilbert space $\mathcal H$, and let $\rho$ be a representation of $G$ on a finite-dimensional, real or complex vector space $V$. A $k$-multilinear, linear operator-valued function $T:V^k\to \mathrm{Lin}(\mathcal H)$ is called a tensor operator relative to the pair of representations $U$ and $\rho$ provided \begin{align} U(g) T(v_1, \dots, v_k) U(g)^\dagger = T(\rho(g)v_1, \dots, \rho(g)v_k) \end{align} for all $g\in G$ and for all $v_1, \dots, v_k\in V$.

Notice that if a basis $u_1, \dots, u_N$ for $V$ is given, and if we define the components $T_{i_1,\dots i_k}$ of $T$ in this basis by \begin{align} T_{i_1 \dots i_k} = T(u_{i_1}, \dots, u_{i_k}) \end{align} and if $\rho(g)_i^{\phantom ij}$ denotes the matrix representation of $\rho(g)$ in this basis, then by using multilinearity the defining property of a tensor operator can be written as follows \begin{align} U(g) T_{i_1\cdots i_k} U^\dagger(g) = \rho(g)_{i_1}^{\phantom {i_1}j_1}\cdots \rho(g)_{i_k}^{\phantom {i_k}j_k} T_{j_1\cdots j_k} \end{align} So this definition immediately reproduces the cartesian tensor definition above if we take, $V =\mathbb R^3$, $G=\mathrm{SO}(3)$, and $\rho(R) = R$, and similarly for the spherical tensor definition if we take $V=\mathbb C^{2n+1}$, $G=\mathrm{SO}(3)$, $\rho = D^{(n)}$ and $k=1$.

Question.

Is the sort of object I just defined the "proper" formalization/generalization of the notion of tensor operators used in physics; it seems to contain the notion of tensor operator used in the physics literature? Is there any literature on the sort of object I define here? I would think that the answer would be yes since this sort of thing seems to me like a natural generalization a mathematically-minded physicist might like to study.

Motivation.

I was recently reviewing the section 3.10 in Sakurai's quantum mechanics in which he discusses tensor operators, and I was left desiring a more mathematically general/precise discussion. I then skimmed the Wikipedia page on tensor operators, and felt similarly dissatisfied. Here's why

In these discussions, one essentially defines an indexed set of operators $T_{i_1\cdots i_k}$ to be a "cartesian" tensor operator of rank $k$ provided $$ U(R)\, T_{i_1\cdots i_k}\, U^\dagger(R) = R_{i_1}^{\phantom{i_1}j_1}\cdots R_{i_1}^{\phantom{i_1}j_1}T_{j_1\cdots j_k} $$ for each rotation $R\in\mathrm{SO}(3)$ where $U$ is some unitary representation of $\mathrm{SO}(3)$ acting on a Hilbert space (usually that of some physical system whose behavior under rotations we with to study). Similarly one defines a "spherical" tensor operator of rank $k$ as an indexed set of operators $T^{(k)}_{q}$ with $-k<q,q'<k$ for which $$ U(R)\,T_q^{(k)}\,U^\dagger(R) = \sum_{q'=-k}^kD_{q'q}^{(k)}(R)T_{q'}^{(k)} $$ where $D^{(k)}$ is the irreducible representation of $\mathrm{SO}(3)$ of dimension $k$.

Based on these standard definitions, I would think that one could define something less "coordinate-dependent" and extended to representations of any group, not just $\mathrm{SO}(3)$, as follows.

Let a group $G$ be given. Let $U$ be a unitary representation of $G$ on a Hilbert space $\mathcal H$, and let $\rho$ be a representation of $G$ on a finite-dimensional, real vector space $V$. A $k$-multilinear, linear operator-valued function $T:V^k\to \mathrm{Lin}(\mathcal H)$ is called a \textbf{tensor operator} of \textbf{rank} $k$ relative to the pair of representations $U$ and $\rho$ provided \begin{align} U(g) T(v_1, \dots, v_k) U(g)^\dagger = T(\rho(g)v_1, \dots, \rho(g)v_k) \end{align} Notice that if a basis $u_1, \dots, u_N$ for $V$ is given, and if we define the components $T_{i_1,\dots i_k}$ of $T$ in this basis by \begin{align} T_{i_1 \dots i_k} = T(u_{i_1}, \dots, u_{i_k}) \end{align} and if $\rho(g)_i^{\phantom ij}$ denotes the matrix representation of $\rho(g)$ in this basis, then by using multilinearity the defining property of a tensor operator can be written as follows \begin{align} U(g) T_{i_1\cdots i_k} U^\dagger(g) = \rho(g)_{i_1}^{\phantom {i_1}j_1}\cdots \rho(g)_{i_k}^{\phantom {i_k}j_k} T_{j_1\cdots j_k} \end{align}

Question.

Is the sort of object I just defined the "proper" formalization/generalization of the notion of tensor operators used in physics; it seems to contain the notion of tensor operator used in the physics literature? Is there any literature on the sort of object I define here? I would think that the answer would be yes since this sort of thing seems to me like a natural generalization a mathematically-minded physicist might like to study.

Motivation.

I was recently reviewing the section 3.10 in Sakurai's quantum mechanics in which he discusses tensor operators, and I was left desiring a more mathematically general/precise discussion. I then skimmed the Wikipedia page on tensor operators, and felt similarly dissatisfied. Here's why

In these discussions, one essentially defines an indexed set of operators $T_{i_1\cdots i_k}$ to be a "cartesian" tensor operator of rank $k$ provided $$ U(R)\, T_{i_1\cdots i_k}\, U^\dagger(R) = R_{i_1}^{\phantom{i_1}j_1}\cdots R_{i_1}^{\phantom{i_1}j_1}T_{j_1\cdots j_k} $$ for each rotation $R\in\mathrm{SO}(3)$ where $U$ is some unitary representation of $\mathrm{SO}(3)$ acting on a Hilbert space (usually that of some physical system whose behavior under rotations we with to study). Similarly one defines a "spherical" tensor operator of rank $k$ as an indexed set of operators $T^{(k)}_{q}$ with $-k<q,q'<k$ for which $$ U(R)\,T_q^{(k)}\,U^\dagger(R) = \sum_{q'=-k}^kD_{q'q}^{(k)}(R)T_{q'}^{(k)} $$ where $D^{(k)}$ is the irreducible representation of $\mathrm{SO}(3)$ of dimension $k$.

Based on these standard definitions, I would think that one could define something less "coordinate-dependent" and extended to representations of any group, not just $\mathrm{SO}(3)$, as follows.

Candidate Definition. Let a group $G$ be given. Let $U$ be a unitary representation of $G$ on a Hilbert space $\mathcal H$, and let $\rho$ be a representation of $G$ on a finite-dimensional, real vector space $V$. A $k$-multilinear, linear operator-valued function $T:V^k\to \mathrm{Lin}(\mathcal H)$ is called a tensor operator relative to the pair of representations $U$ and $\rho$ provided \begin{align} U(g) T(v_1, \dots, v_k) U(g)^\dagger = T(\rho(g)v_1, \dots, \rho(g)v_k) \end{align} for all $g\in G$ and for all $v_1, \dots, v_k\in V$.

Notice that if a basis $u_1, \dots, u_N$ for $V$ is given, and if we define the components $T_{i_1,\dots i_k}$ of $T$ in this basis by \begin{align} T_{i_1 \dots i_k} = T(u_{i_1}, \dots, u_{i_k}) \end{align} and if $\rho(g)_i^{\phantom ij}$ denotes the matrix representation of $\rho(g)$ in this basis, then by using multilinearity the defining property of a tensor operator can be written as follows \begin{align} U(g) T_{i_1\cdots i_k} U^\dagger(g) = \rho(g)_{i_1}^{\phantom {i_1}j_1}\cdots \rho(g)_{i_k}^{\phantom {i_k}j_k} T_{j_1\cdots j_k} \end{align} So this definition immediately reproduces the cartesian tensor definition above if we take $G=\mathrm{SO}(3)$, $\rho(R) = R$, and similarly for the spherical tensor definition if we take $\rho = D^{(n)}$ and $k=1$.

Question.

Is the sort of object I just defined the "proper" formalization/generalization of the notion of tensor operators used in physics; it seems to contain the notion of tensor operator used in the physics literature? Is there any literature on the sort of object I define here? I would think that the answer would be yes since this sort of thing seems to me like a natural generalization a mathematically-minded physicist might like to study.