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In quantum mechanics, in order to represent an entity by a matrix, the prerequisite is that this entity must act in the Hilbert space. A Grassmannn variable is not any operator and it does not operate in the Hilbert space. So, it is impossible to put it as a matrix.
This does not answer the question, because still Grassmann variables remain Grassmann variables, which are not any kind of operators and can't be reduced to a set of real numbers!
Definitely you can represent these Fermionic operators by matrices, which is standard quantum mechamics! But you can't do this for Grassmann variables. This is what I claimed in my answer.
In a scalar field like what you wrote, the particles created by $a^{\dagger}_n$ are doomed to be annihilated by the quartic term $\phi^4$. This is no more than the usual phonon case: the number of phonon can not be conserved in the presence of anharmonic terms.