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Results tagged with gauge-theory
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user 97873
A gauge theory has internal degrees of freedom that do not affect the foretold physical outcomes of the theory. The theory has a Lie group of *continuous symmetries* of these internal degrees of freedom, *i.e.* the predicted physics under any transformation in this group on the degrees of freedom. Examples include the $U(1)$-symmetric quantum electrodynamics and other Yang-Mills theories wherein non-Abelian groups replace the $U(1)$ gauge group of QED.
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Can we use the term "U(1) gauge invariance" for the free electromagnetic field?
We have the same notion of gauge invariance in both theories, i.e EM and QED. In both, gauge transformation is given by a real function ($\theta (x)$ in QED and $\Lambda (x)$ in EM). In QED, We talk a …
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