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The classical theory of electric and magnetic fields, both in the static and dynamic case. It also covers general questions about magnets, electric attraction/repulsion, etc. Distinct from electrical-engineering.
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Can we use the term "U(1) gauge invariance" for the free electromagnetic field?
We have the same notion of gauge invariance in both theories, i.e EM and QED. In both, gauge transformation is given by a real function ($\theta (x)$ in QED and $\Lambda (x)$ in EM). In QED, We talk a …