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Atomic physics is the field of physics that studies atoms as an isolated system of electrons and an atomic nucleus. It is primarily concerned with the arrangement of electrons around the nucleus and the processes by which these arrangements change. This includes ions as well as neutral atoms and, unless otherwise stated, for the purposes of this discussion it should be assumed that the term atom includes ions.

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What does the notation $^1 S_0$ represent in particle physics?

I'm coming across the notation $^1 S_0$, $^3 P_1$, $^1D_2$ etc. in relation to particle states. What do the two numbers and the letter represent? I've tried googling to no avail and it just appears in …
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