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A gauge theory has internal degrees of freedom that do not affect the foretold physical outcomes of the theory. The theory has a Lie group of *continuous symmetries* of these internal degrees of freedom, *i.e.* the predicted physics under any transformation in this group on the degrees of freedom. Examples include the $U(1)$-symmetric quantum electrodynamics and other Yang-Mills theories wherein non-Abelian groups replace the $U(1)$ gauge group of QED.

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What does $\mathcal{N}$ refer to in SUSY Gauge theories? [duplicate]

Context: I am a second-year (undergraduate) physics major applying for a summer research position. The investigator is working on Quiver Gauge Theories and in response to my inquiry email he told me t …
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