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An instanton (pseudoparticle) is a classical solution to the equations of motion, usually of Yang-Mills theory, with a finite, non-zero action, on a Euclidean spacetime. Instantons normally dominate the path integral of Y-M theory and determine its quantum tunneling behavior. May use for merons and other topological field-theoretic configurations.

2 votes

How does Euclidean Quantum Field Theory describe tunneling?

The relation between tunneling and classical paths in imaginary time can already be seen in single particle quantum mechanics. In the path integral formulation, each path $x(t)$ contributes with ampl …
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3 votes

Connection between homotopic maps from $X\to Y$ and homotopic paths in $Y$ in the context of...

A definition might clarify the confusion. The $n$-th homotopy group $\pi_n(Y)$ of a space $Y$ is constructed using the set of maps $S^n\to Y$. If we identify two maps when they're homotopic and add so …
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