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The second hand of an analog clock has angular velocity $\omega=\pi/30$ rad.s-1. The blue body in the image below mimics the hand's clockwise motion on the Cartesian plane with the center of revolution at $(0,0)$, the radius $r$ being, say, $2$ units, and initial position $(0,2)$. How can we determine the body's coordinate location $(x,y)$ after t seconds? enter image description here
From here, I was under the impression that we can calculate it as follows:
$x=r*\cos(\omega*t)$
$y=r*\sin(\omega*t)$
Taking t to be $30$ seconds, this gives us:
$x=2*\cos(\pi/30*30)=1.997$
$y=2*\sin(\pi/30*30)=0.110$
Problem is, in reality, after $30$ seconds, the point should be at $(0,-2)$. Why did the formulae give conflicting results?

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1 Answer 1

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The formula you have written is for when you taking angle $\omega t$ from horizontal $x$-axis but in your case, the point is starting from the y-axis thus it's necessary to take the angle $\omega t$ from the positive y-axis. This will turn your formula to $$y=r\cos(\omega t)$$ $$x=r\sin(\omega t)$$ Now you can proceed from here. :)


We are given $\omega=\pi/30$ rad-sec$^{-1}$ After $30$ sec $$y=2\cos\left(\frac{\pi}{30}\cdot 30\right)=2\cos(\pi)=-2$$ and $$x=2\sin\left(\frac{\pi}{30}\cdot 30\right)=2\sin(\pi)=0$$

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  • $\begingroup$ In that case, $x=0.110$ and $y=1.997$. It should be $x=0$ and $y=-2$. What am I missing? $\endgroup$ Commented Nov 7, 2020 at 12:02
  • $\begingroup$ @KaraKirkland Do you get it? $\endgroup$
    – Himanshu
    Commented Nov 7, 2020 at 12:32
  • $\begingroup$ @ YoungKindaichi Yes! All this time, the Windows calculator was set to Degrees instead of Rad. Wow. $\endgroup$ Commented Nov 7, 2020 at 12:35

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