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A point charge $q$ is at the center of an uncharged conducting spherical shell of finite thickness, with inner and outer radii $a$ and $b$ respectively. Find the work done on the system when $q$ is removed from its original position to a very large distance from the conducting shell, through a small hole in it.

My attempt:

Idea was to calculate the energy of the initial configuration and negative of that would be the work required. Trying to use $ W = \frac {\epsilon_0}{2} \int E^2 d\tau $ didn't work as the integral goes to infinity at r=0. So I used $ W =\frac 12 \int \sigma V ds$ where $\sigma$ is the induced charge on the two surface at radii a and b.

$$ W= \frac {q}{8\pi \epsilon_0b} \left(\int _{r=a} \sigma_a da + \int_{r=b} \sigma_b da \right) $$
which come out to be zero as each integral is equal to $q$ in magnitude and opposite in sign. I think this is wrong. How do I solve this problem?

EDIT: I think I forgot the terms due to the potential of induced charges at the center. $$ W= \frac {q}{4\pi \epsilon_0b} \left(\int _{r=a} \sigma_a da + \int_{r=b} \sigma_b da \right) + \frac {q^2}{4\pi \epsilon_0b} - \frac {q^2}{4\pi \epsilon_0a} $$ This comes out as $$ W= \frac {q^2}{4\pi \epsilon_0} \left(\frac1b - \frac1a \right) $$ External work done is negative of this so that a positive work is done in taking the charge to infinity. Is this correct?

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Why do not you try this?

The shell is always an equipotential object. When the charge is inside the shell, the potential of the shell is $kq/R$ with $R$ the radius of the shell, so the energy of the charge is $kq^2/R$.

When the charge moves to infinity, the potential energy of it is zero. Therefore, the work is $kq^2/R$.

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  • $\begingroup$ I did not understand this "energy of the charge is kq2/R". If I assume I am bringing the charge q from infinity to the center of spherical shell, total work done is qV (V at the center of conducting shell due to the charges already present there.) How do you know V when it is uncharged. Charge gets induced on both the surfaces of the shell in the process which we need to take into account, right? $\endgroup$
    – levitt
    Commented Nov 20, 2014 at 6:07
  • $\begingroup$ The potential energy while it's inside the sphere is $qV_0$. At infinity the potential vanishes. By conservation of energy the work done in bringing the charge to infinity must be $W=qV_0$. (Otherwise where did the energy go?) $\endgroup$
    – Jold
    Commented Nov 20, 2014 at 7:08
  • $\begingroup$ Hi, I've added some correction. Is that right? $\endgroup$
    – levitt
    Commented Nov 20, 2014 at 8:29
  • $\begingroup$ The inner shell will not contribute energy because the electric field inside the shell is zero. The shell is an equipotential object, so potentian gradient vanishes. You only have to consider the energy stored in the electric field outside the shell and you should get the correct energy. $\endgroup$ Commented Nov 20, 2014 at 14:07

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