0
$\begingroup$

I'm new to the Addition of angular momenta. This is a practice question given by my teacher. I don't understand how to find the probability without Clebsch-Gordon coefficients. Is there any other way to find the answer? The question is given below.

Two particles with $l1=l2=1$ are in-state $|l1,l2,l,m>=|1,1,1−1>$. If measurement is made of L1z in this state, what values may be found and with what probability will these values occur?

Previously I thought it will be tedious to find C_G coefficients and I have to use group theory to solve this but it's easy, I don't have to find all of the C-G coefficients. Thus it can be solved easily using usual methods. The solution is given below.

Given
$|l_1,l_2,l,m>=|1,1,1,-1>$.
Now since $l_1$ and $l_2 $ stay constant we can write the ket as just $|l,m>=|1,-1>$.
Since $l_1=l_2=1$ we have $m_1,m_2= 1,0,-1$
We know,
range of $l$ is given as, $|l_1-l_2|{\leq}l{\leq}l_1+l_2;$ with unit steps.
So, $l=0,1,2$.
Now,
$|l_1,m_1>=|1,1>, |1,0>, |1,-1>$
$|l_2,m_2>=|1,1>, |1,0>, |1,-1>$
And,
$|l_1,m_1;l_2,m_2>=|l_1,m_1>\otimes|l_2,m_2>$
$|l,m>=C_1{|l_1,m_1;l_2,m_2>}+C_2{|l_1,m_1;l_2,m_2>}+C_3{|l_1,m_1;l_2,m_2>}+...$
$C_i$ are the ith Clebsch-Gordan coefficients.
For $|l,m>=|1,-1>$ we choose such $|l_1,m_1;l_2,m_2>$ for which we satisfy $m=m_1+m_2$.
$\therefore |l,m>=|1,-1>=C_1{|1,0;1,-1>}+C_2{|1,-1;1,0>} \dotsb(1a)$
Since,$|l,m>$ and $|l_1,m_1;l_2,m_2>$ are complete orthonormal basis we have,
$<l,m|l,m>=1$ and $<l_1,m_1;l_2,m_2|l_1,m_1;l_2,m_2>=1$
$\therefore <1,-1|1-1>={C_1}^2+{C_2}^2 \dotsb(1b)$
$\Rightarrow {C_1}^2+{C_2}^2=1 \dotsb(1c)$
To find $C_1$ and $C_2$ we consider $|l,m>=|2,-2>$ state.
$|2,-2>=C_0|1,-1;1,-1>$ and since it's express in orthonormal basis we have $C_0=1$ as $equ^n(1b)$ and $equ^n(1c) $.
$\therefore |2,-2>=|1,-1;1,-1> \dotsb(2)$.
Operating $L_+$ on $eqn^n(2)$
$L_+|2,-2>=(L_{1+}+L_{2+})|1,-1;1,-1>$
$\Rightarrow 2\hbar|2,-1>=\hbar\sqrt{2}{|1,0;1,-1>}+\hbar\sqrt{2}{|1,-1;1,0>}$
$\Rightarrow |2,-1>=\frac{1}{\sqrt2}|1,0;1,-1>+\frac{1}{\sqrt2}|1,-1;1,0> \dotsb(3)$
Taking inner product of $equ^n(1a)$ and $equ^n(3)$ we get $\dotsb$
$0=\frac{C_1}{\sqrt2}+\frac{C_2}{\sqrt2}$
$\Rightarrow C_1=-C_2 \dotsb(4)$
Equating $equ^n(1c)$ and $equ^n(4)$ we get $\dotsb$
$C_1=-\frac{1}{\sqrt2}, C_2=\frac{1}{\sqrt2}$
So, $|l,m>=|1,-1>=-\frac{1}{\sqrt2}{|1,0;1,-1>}+\frac{1}{\sqrt2}{|1,-1;1,0>}$.
Thus measuring $L_{1_z}$ in this state will give $m_1= 0$ or$-1 $ with probability $\frac{1}{2}$ for each $m_1$ (Since, ${C_1}^2 = {C_2}^2 = \frac{1}{2}$).

$\endgroup$
1
  • 1
    $\begingroup$ Hi Rajiv Das. Welcome to Phys.SE. Note that an answer is supposed to be in an answer segment, not a part of the question segment. $\endgroup$
    – Qmechanic
    Commented Dec 22, 2021 at 6:36

1 Answer 1

5
$\begingroup$

Gosh, you are making life difficult for yourself. This is just simple arithmetic.

The two possible $l_Z$ values are -1,0, and +1. They must add to give the total $L_z=-1$, and the only ways of doing this are (-1,0) and (0,-1)

As particles 1 and 2 are identical, the probabilities of these two ways are equal.

So $l_z$ is 0 or -1, with a 50% chance of each.

$\endgroup$
1
  • $\begingroup$ Thanks, professor. $\endgroup$
    – Rajiv Das
    Commented Dec 23, 2021 at 10:57

Your Answer

By clicking “Post Your Answer”, you agree to our terms of service and acknowledge you have read our privacy policy.

Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged or ask your own question.