In the article How SPF Changes with How Much Sunscreen You Use (last updated Dec 29, 2017), the author says that insufficient sunscreen disturbingly decreases protection exponentially, in other words, that sunscreen application has increasing marginal utility:
The amount used in the sunscreen studies to determine SPF is $2$ milligrams of sunscreen per centimetre of skin.
On average, people apply only a quarter to a half of the recommended amount, and in most studies, it’s closer to $0.5$ mg/cm².
In physics, you’d expect protection to decrease exponentially with less sunscreen. This is based on a relationship called the Beer-Lambert law, and is illustrated as
it’s the middle of the graph that’s disturbing.
Applying half the recommended amount of sunscreen cannot give more than SPF $\mathbf{10}$, even with SPF $50$ sunscreen!
by $0.5$ mg/cm², we’re below SPF $3$ for all products.
Now, intuitively, the initial layer of sunscreen makes a greater difference than any subsequent layer.
So, does the theory really contradict our intuition that is, each layer of the recommended amount of sunscreen is less beneficial than the previous layerlayer; does the theory really contradict this intuition?