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Nov 11, 2016 at 23:31 comment added miggle @CraigGidney I understand that, that's not the issue. It's OK anyway, I realized that my proof posted above only needs the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality to be rigorous anyway.
Nov 11, 2016 at 11:42 comment added Craig Gidney @mflynn You'll always be able to rewrite it in terms of orthogonal projectors. Those projectors correspond to the eigenvectors.
Nov 11, 2016 at 7:03 comment added miggle @CraigGidney right, so I understand the pure case - that makes sense. However the mixed case will in general be written in terms of non-orthogonal projectors. I can change my basis and the trace will be invariant, but then my expansion of $\rho^{2}$ will not be in terms of $p_{i}$, the original expansion coefficients. So I'm not sure how to show the result in the diagonal basis, since the expansion coefficients no longer satisfy any normalization condition.
Nov 11, 2016 at 6:21 comment added pppqqq @mflynn sorry, I think I don't understand your question. You say that you want to prove $\text {tr}(\rho ^2) <1 \implies \text{state is mixed}$. But this is clearly implied by $\text {state is pure} \implies \text {tr} (\rho ^2) =1$. It is totally irrelevant whether $\rho$ is written as a sum of orthogonal or nonorthogonal projectors, all that matters here is its trace. Perhaps you want to know if it's possible that $\text {tr} (\rho ^2)=1$ for a mixed state?
Nov 11, 2016 at 5:58 comment added miggle @CraigGidney, could you write something a little more detailed? I understand your comment, but I can't see how I can relate the expansion coefficients in the basis where $\rho^{2}$ is diagonal to the original $p_{i}$ which obey the nice normalization condition.
Nov 11, 2016 at 4:34 comment added miggle Umm OK, I'll need to think about that a little. I can hit $\rho^{2}$ with unitaries to make it diagonal but I need to think about what the coefficients in the expansion of $\rho^{2}$ will look like.
Nov 11, 2016 at 2:29 comment added Craig Gidney A Hermitian matrix is guaranteed to have a decomposition into orthogonal eigenvectors. Just use that decomposition instead of the non-orthogonal one.
Nov 10, 2016 at 22:56 comment added miggle The point is to check that trace($\rho^{2}$) < 1 for mixed states that sum over a set of non-orthonormal quantum states. I understand the pure state case.
Nov 10, 2016 at 22:07 comment added pppqqq A pure state has a density matrix $\rho = \vert \rangle \langle \vert$, which has $\rho ^2=\rho$ and trace $=1$. Am I missing something?
Nov 10, 2016 at 19:16 history asked miggle CC BY-SA 3.0