A dysonDyson sphere orbiting the Sun at 5 Solarsolar radii will have problems that will be faced such as:
Heat. The Sun's surface temperature is around 5777K. At 5 solar radii away, the Solar Irradiancesolar irradiance or the Intensityintensity of light, W/m^2, would be around 2.1 E6 W/m^2. In comparison at the same distance as Earth is from the Sun, you would only get 1366 W/m^2. That amount of energy striking the inner dysonDyson sphere would melt any metal you put very quickly. Heat Dissipation is vital in keeping your dysonDyson sphere a dysonDyson sphere.
Solar Wind. The Solar wind is comprised of charged particles that are being expelled. They move at around 2.8 E5 m/s. So they are going to do a lot of damage to whatever equipment you are having on the sphere and the sphere itself. A solution to this is probably a magnetic shield which diverts the solar wind away. This brings me to the next problem.
Coronal Mass Ejections (CME). CMEs occur when built up when magnetic fields reconnect and a tremendous amount of energy is released. The solar wind to a CME is like a continuous water faucet to a barrel of water thrown all at once at you. A strong CME will do damage to city electrical grids, power lines and cause power surges on Earth if directed straight at us and Earth is 1.5 E11 m away. The sphere is 3.7 E9 m away which surrounds the entire star. If a super strong CME occurs like the Carrington Event in 1859, your equipment on the sphere and your Sphere is screwed.
TL;DR 1: (1) Too hot , (2) Too many charged particles , (3) Explosions.
That's the major effects of having a dysonDyson sphere. However in the future theresthere's also going to be one more stuff. Assuming your sphere survives for 5 billion years.
- Red Giant. The Sun will expand as it ages. It will engulf Mercury and Venus and probably Earth, Mars maybe before it dies. The Sphere is in the orbit of Mercury so when the Sun expands, goodbye Dyson Sphere.
There will also be a lot more other implications that I did not think on the spot. I may add some if I recall any more. However I do have some improvements that can be made.
If you want to have the effect of gravity on the sphere, you can spin the sphere, letting centrifugal "force" be the effect of gravity so you don't have to have the dysonDyson sphere so close to the sun but this brings a lot other bad stuff like people losing consciousness due to the Coriolis Effecteffect but that's a story for another day. Another solution is just don't put people on the dysonDyson sphere. However being a type 2 Civilization, we should have solutions to most problems that will be faced by then.