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So my reasoning is the following. A light beam travels a distance x in one frame, this is an event that occurs in space-time. The equation in one frame is x-ct=0. In the other frame x'-ct'=0. The only way the same event can satisfy these two equation is when (x-ct)=k(x'-ct'). This is because at t=t'=0, and x=x'=0 (when the light beam is emitted) is also an event that has to satisfy the relationship. So the disappearance of the x-ct coincides with the disappearance of x'-ct'. The two systems are coupled.
I recall in Einsteins original 1905 paper on special relativity, he derived things a bit differently. To be honest, his derivations were a bit confusing and they require a lot of thinking to understand. There are much more easier methods that you can use to build the Lorentz Transformations. (e.g. Griffiths Intro to Electrodynamics has a good derivation of the transformations).