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It should be possible, but with mirror or lenses you also can concentrate sunlight, so for what will you use id?
2
Absolutely nothing.
Modes are independent degrees of freedom of the Hamiltonian for system in equilibrium with thermal bath. What is your Hamiltonian? What is your bath? Is your system in thermal equilibrium (black body radiation)? You may stretch the definitions of your system to show resemblance to equipartition law, but that's surely note what people mean ...
1
Plano-convex lenses only reduce the spherical aberration if they are used in the appropriate position with respect to the conjugates. To understand this, one intuitive explanation is this: Snell's law is not linear, so it does not behave proportionately for large versus small angles.
Looking at the two lenses below, for the left hand lens the angles of ...
1
I think it depends how you define Babinet's principle. The fact that the electric field due to diffraction through an apeture summed with the electric field due to diffraction through the compliment of that aperture (around an equivalent obstacle) is equal to the electric field as if no obstructions were present is always true (even in the Fresnel regime).
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