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The Laplace–Runge–Lenz vector describes the shape and orientation of the orbit of one astronomical body around another. In general, the LRL vector is conserved (it's a constant of the motion) in all problems in which two bodies interact by a central force that varies as the inverse square of the distance between them (Kepler problem). Its conservation is significant in the quantization of the Hydrogen atom.

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What exactly are the 12 conserved quantities in the Two-Body Problem?

There's not much difference in having two bodies rather than one. For two bodies, you can separate the center of mass position/velocity, and the relative position/velocity. The six center of mass degr …
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