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The rate of change of velocity of a body per unit of time.

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Betatron vs Fermi acceleration

As far as I know from textbooks, the betatron acceleration, due to the conservation of the first adiabatic invariant, increases the particle's kinetic energy perpendicular to the background magnetic field … On the other hand, the Fermi acceleration, due to the conservation of the second adiabatic invariant, increases the parallel kinetic energy. …
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