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Variational calculus is a field of mathematical analysis that uses variations, which are small changes in functions and functionals, to find extrema of functionals: mappings from a set of functions to the real numbers. The archetype application in physics is Lagrangian mechanics, seeking extrema of action functionals.

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When computing the Euler–Lagrange equations, why do we assume the coordinates do not depend ...

I've just started to learn lagrangians through this video and I'm a bit confused. The setup has that $L = T-V$. With $T=\tfrac{1}{2}mv^2$ and $V=mgx$. So, $L= \tfrac{1}{2}m(dx/dt)^2-mgx$. This is all …
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