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A mathematical construct quantifying the difference in effect of applying two operators in two alternate successions. It is the defining product of a Lie algebra, the efficient underlying description of Lie groups, of use in several areas of physics, most notably quantum field theory.
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A variant of Campbell (1897) identity (related to BCH formula)
Campbell's identity (see in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baker%E2%80%93Campbell%E2%80%93Hausdorff_formula) takes the form:
$$ e^XYe^{-X}\equiv ad_{e^X}Y=e^{ad_X}Y\equiv \sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{[(X)^n, …