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The Ising model of ferromagnetism in statistical mechanics consists of discrete bimodal (+1 or −1) "spin" (moment) variables in a simple Hamiltonian interacting with their next neighbors on a lattice. The one-dimensional variant does not evince a phase transition, but the two-dimensional square-lattice one does. Use for analog and generalized discrete models on several lattices and dimensions.
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votes
Why a 2-state photon is interpreted as spin 1?
A particle in a relativistic theory is considered be an excitation of a quantum field whose hamiltonian, in the absence of interactions, possesses the symmetry of the inhomogeneous lorentz group (rota …