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Covers the study of (primarily homogeneous) macroscopic systems from a heat/energy/entropy point of view. Consider also using the tag: [statistical-mechanics].

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Thermodynamic cycles of quantum particles

The key feature of the Carnot cycle isn't so much it's particular shape on a PV diagram, but the fact that it alternately follows adiabats and isotherms through state space. In other words, it is a re …
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How does entropy help decide the spontaneity of a reaction?

Consider salt dissolving in water. This is an example of a reaction that is endothermic, but still favoured at room temperature. Ions of sodium and chlorine break off of the crystal and dissolve into …
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28 votes

In a vacuum can a cooler body radiate Infrared radiation to a warmer body?

Yes, both bodies radiate, including the cooler one. The warmer one puts out more power in its radiation, proportional to $T^4$ just as you say. The amount of radiation depends on absolute temperature, …
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Contribution of rotational mode in ideal gas law

Some observations that you will hopefully find helpful: There is some randomness in how the molecule is spinning (how fast and which direction). There is also some randomness in what direction the mo …
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4 votes
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How did the big bang's low entropy (which comes from gravity) get converted to sunlight?

In many places you will read that just after the big bang, the universe was filled with very hot gas which appeared to be in thermal equilibrium. You will then read that this is actually quite a low e …
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