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Quantum electrodynamics (QED) is the quantum field theory believed to describe electromagnetic interaction. It is the simplest example of a quantum gauge theory, where the gauge group is abelian, U(1).
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Is there a harmonic potential explaining why photons have energies $E=n\hbar\omega$?
This can be explained using Quantum Electrodynamics. We can do the quantization of Maxwell field either in radiation gauge or any gauge (covariant). The quantization procedure is very similar to the q …