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The ground state of a quantum/classical mechanical system is its lowest-energy state; the energy of the ground state is known as the zero-point energy of the system. When a quantum system has infinite possible ground states, it is gapless with massless modes; if a quantum system has finite ground states, it is known as gapped and potentially topologically ordered. The ground state of a quantum field theory is usually called the vacuum state or the vacuum.

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Choosing approximate eigenfunctions

In the variational approach of estimating the ground state energy of a system we choose an approximate eigenfunction dependent on certain parameters and then minimize the expectation value of the ener …
pinaki nayak's user avatar