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Your first paragraph is clear and correct. The answer to each question in your second paragraph is "Yes". The point is that $R_\text {load}=0$ means that you have short-circuited the cell. You have co …

What drives the current through the load is a difference in potentials (potential difference or voltage) between one end of the load and the other. Compare this with the flow of liquid through a pipe …

The top and bottom resistors aren't a parallel combination. The left hand ends aren't connected straight together nor are the right hand ends. Both these conditions would have to be met for the resist …

What you've done is correct, assuming that $P_1$ and $P_2$ are the powers dissipated in the bulbs in their series configuration, and is what I'd call a consistency check. You're showing that the addit …

" I am assuming some electric field has to be there for charges to be move and constitute current" That's right. The usual assumption is that the inductor is stationary in our frame of reference, so …

Electrodes are, by definition, made of a conducting material. Suppose one electrode is connected to the positive terminal of a battery, and the other to the negative terminal, but the electrodes are …

I'd derive eq 2 like this… The work done per unit time on a charge q moving with velocity $\vec{v}$ in an electric field $\vec{E}$ is $q\vec{E}.\vec{v}.$ If there are $n$ of these charge carriers pe …

Electrons, piled up on the negative terminal of the battery, will, by mutual repulsion, flow to the capacitor plate connected to it, Electrons from the other plate will flow to the positive terminal o …

If you know how a potentiometer works, then presumably you're happy about the current being zero when the 'unknown' pd is equal to the pd across a portion of the slide-wire. So your difficulty must be …

A hint. Would it make any difference if you joined (with a wire of zero resistance) each junction on the top row to the junction directly below it on the bottom row?

A resistor consisting of a coil of wire would produce a magnetic field when there was a current through it. But some resistors are wound non-inductively: the wire is folded back on itself for the who …

We could say either that the emf is induced in the inductor or in the circuit. My own preference is to talk about the emf as induced in the circuit. Then one can use the very neat definition that the …

If you are trying to find the resistance between two points, you suppose that a pd is placed between these points. You then look for symmetries that show certain points to be at the same potential. Wh …

"extra energy they once had in kinetic energy" That may be why you're confused. The electrons don't start off with lots of kinetic energy which they gradually lose. They start off, having passed thro …

In theory you should be able to supply the same load with the same voltage (or a little higher) for longer than with a single battery. However it is bad practice to connect batteries in parallel. Even …