I have some questions about normal ordering in quantum field theory: I already read [this][1] very good question with very very good answers and [this][2] other question with other very good answers (I read also [this][3] one and many others, but without understanding much). For what I understood, *normal ordering* is more a simbolic operation than an operator, so if for example I have \begin{equation*} \left[\hat{a},\hat{a}^\dagger\right] = 1 \end{equation*} Then I'm not authorized to say that $:\hat{a}\hat{a}^\dagger:=:\hat{a}^\dagger\hat{a}:+:1:$ (where I think that $:1:=1$ demonstrated through unitary operators). What I don't understand here is - The main fact is that this operation is non-linear? So (even if [here][1] the answer from Sebastiano Peotta seems to say the opposite) \begin{equation*} :\hat{a}^\dagger\hat{a}:+:1: \neq :\hat{a}^\dagger\hat{a}+1: \,? \end{equation*} - Or the main fact is that this operation doesn't care about operatorial equalities? In that case I would just have \begin{equation*} :\hat{a}\hat{a}^\dagger: \neq :\hat{a}^\dagger\hat{a}+1: \,? \end{equation*} At the same time I wasn't able to find this kind of question, that is the main doubt that I have: - what if I rename the operator with the following substitution $\hat{b}^\dagger=\hat{a}$? In that case $:\hat{a}\hat{a}^\dagger:=\hat{a}^\dagger\hat{a}$, but $:\hat{b}^\dagger\hat{b}:=\hat{b}^\dagger\hat{b}=\hat{a}\hat{a}^\dagger$! Is this crazy or am I doing something wrong (very likely)? [1]: https://physics.stackexchange.com/q/345898/ [2]: https://physics.stackexchange.com/q/309410/ [3]: https://physics.stackexchange.com/q/24157/