How can I prove that tr($\rho^2) $ = 1 only and only when the state is pure ? My idea: I know how to show that tr($\rho^2) \leq$ 1 and from there I am trying to show by contradiction that tr($\rho^2) $ = 1 can only but true for pure states but I am kind of stuck. I just need a hint on how to prove this.