But sudden rapid movement or sudden stop of motion does not cause the electrons to lose control around the nucleus or atom.
Sudden stop of motion is not something that occurs in nature but as a whole what you are describing is a collision event. Depending on the energies involved such collisions do have the potential to eject electrons from atoms. For example, at very high temperatures, thermal collisions may create a plasma of ions and free electrons.
In the case of the collision you are describing with speeds in the range of 180 km/h the energy is much to small to eject electrons and ionize matter. To achieve that you would have to up the speed to the range of tens of km/s. Think of a meteorite hitting the atmosphere or ground. In the case you are describing, the kinetic energy is converted into thermal energy and part of the thermal energy is converted into electromagnetic radiation (mainly in the infrared spectrum)
Like others have commented above, the view that electrons are small particles whizzing around the atomic nucleus on rigid orbits like planets around a star is totally outdated. Bohr and Rydberg presented it over hundred years ago. It was clear then that it can't be quite right since electrons should radiate energy when orbiting the nucleus. We know that all charged particles radiate energy when accelerated.
Our current understanding is that electrons bound to an atom exists in steady states each being described by a quantum mechanical wave function. Each electron state has a certain binding energy. However, these states can be influenced by external fields and thermal collisions creating non-uniform time-dependent charge distributions that radiate electromagnetic energy. As you are reading this your body radiates electromagnetic energy an average rate of 100W.