At first, as others have said,- you transfer car momentum to a whole atom system, not just to some part of it,- like electrons, nucleus, etc.
Second,- an electron is not something you can easily mess around. If you look at the semi-classical Bohr atom model, an electron goes with a tangential speed around the nucleus defined by: $$ v={\sqrt {\frac {Zk_{\mathrm {e} }e^{2}}{m_{\mathrm {e} }r}}}. $$
So for example the electron in a hydrogen atom at the ground level flies with amazing $\approx 2000 ~\text{km/s}$ speed. That's about $1\%$ of light-speed! If converted to an electron centripetal acceleration notion, gives about $10^{21}\text {g}$. Thus an atom's electrodynamical system is a very stable thing.
That said, you can push an electron out of an atom. But for doing that you need some different approach, like scattering the hydrogen nucleus with high-speed neutrons in a particle accelerator or just "stretching" a hydrogen atom in a static electric field, so that it would overcome an ionization energy of $13~\text {eV}$, or forcing a hydrogen atom to absorb such an energy photon.
