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Philip Wood
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The difference ($E_2-E_1$)in electronic energy levels gives the energy that the photon would have if the atom were held stationary. If the atom is allowed to recoil, the photon energy will be ($E_2-E_1$) minus the recoil energy.

But the recoil energy is only about $10^{-9}$ of the photon energy, so the reduction in photon energy is pretty negligible!

$$E_{k\ atom}=\frac{p^2}{2m_{atom}} = \frac{1}{2m_{atom}} {\left(\frac {h} {\lambda}\right)}^2=\frac{1}{2m_{atom}\ c^2} {\left(\frac {hc} {\lambda}\right)}^2=\frac {E_{phot}^2}{2m_{atom}\ c^2} $$ So $$\frac{E_{k\ atom}}{E_{phot}}=\frac {E_{phot}}{2m_{atom}\ c^2} \approx \frac {1.9\ \text{eV}}{2 \times 931\ \text{ MeV}}$$

Philip Wood
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