The resonance frequency of a piezo-electric "tuning fork" is influenced by the mass of adsorbed molecules. I know this kind of instruments as piezo thickness monitors when evaporating metals in vacuum equipment. They can be very sensitive. Edit: there is a long article on Wikipedia. I did not read it all but it explains how this works. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz_crystal_microbalance Edit 2: Such a piezoelectric resonator can be functionalized for sorption with a coating as described in 1964 by King in his article "[Piezoelectric sorption detector][1]" [1]: https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fac60215a012