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John Darby
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To add a bit to the earlier answers regarding enthalpy.

Enthalpy accounts for the energy associated with mass flow in/out of an open thermodynamic system.

The specific enthalpy $h$ (enthalpy per unit mass) is $h = u + pv$ where $u$ is specific internal energy, $p$ is pressure, and $v$ is specific volume. In the energy balance for the open system, the energy added to/removed form the system by mass flow is accounted for considering the enthalpy in/out of the system. The $pv$ term is called flow energy from an Eulerian viewpoint-fixed in space- as is used for an open thermodynamic system. (From a Lagrangian viewpoint- following a fixed mass- $pv$ is called flow work.)

In general the specific energy associated with mass flow is $h + V^2/2 + gZ$ where $V$ is velocity $g$ is the acceleration of gravity, and $Z$ is elevation. This accounts the kinetic and potential energy per unit mass for mass flowing in/out of an open thermodynamic system in in addition to the enthalpy.

For a closed thermodynamic system (no mass flow in/out) enthalpy is associated with a constant pressure process. For a closed system to which heat is added at constant pressure $Q = \Delta H$. $Q$ is heat added, $H$ is the enthalpy of the system equal to $U + p$V where $U$ is internal energy, $p$ is pressure, and V is volume. $\Delta H$ is the change in the enthalpy of the closed system.

John Darby
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