The translucent sheets and optical fibers are being lit from below. Light enters one end with a relative small angle incidence. Once inside the sheet/fiber the light experiences total internal reflections multiple times because it hits the sides of the sheet/fiber with a large angle incidence. It's not until the light gets to the far end of the sheet/fiber that it hits an internal surface at a small enough angle of incidence that it is not totally reflected internally and manages to emerge.
M. Enns
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