Centrifugal force is force that pulls rotating object away from the center of rotation, Centrifugal is part of Newtonian mechanics and it's derived from Newton's Second law $$F=ma$$ Where $F$ is force in newtons, $m$ is mass of an object and $a$ is acceleration. In circular motion acceleration is $a=\frac{v^2}{r}$ and full equation for centrifugal force is $$ F=\frac{mv^2}{r} $$ Where $v$ is speed and $r$ is radius. Here's sample image of circular motion and centrifugal force acting on an object:
Same happens with pilots of jet planes:
They experience centrifugal force and if that force is enough they can lost consciousness. (Centrifugal force is part of Newtonian mechanics and if it's wrong it means that Newton is wrong too, which is not true, he was right) So ask your teachers what they mean by saying that centrifugal force doesn't exists.