Questions tagged [solid-mechanics]
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Why and how is sound produced when two objects hit each other?
When two objects collide and undergo a partially inelastic collision (so every one we experience in every-day life), they rebound to a certain degree, but kinetic energy is not conserved. Thus, the ...
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Hollow shaft vs. Solid shaft: Which one's more resistant to torsion?
I recall being told once that hollow rods/shafts tend to resist torsion more than solid rods/shafts...but I wasn't told why this is the case.
Now that I'm a little older, running this "fact" through ...
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Continuum limit for solid mechanics
Is there a rigorous derivation of the limits for continuum properties in solid mechanics? For instance, the stress-strain relationship may be linear for large samples (the slope being the Young's ...
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Is Young's Modulus a Lorentz Scalar?
If a spring is at rest and lies along $X$ axis in a frame $O$ with a spring constant $k_{0}$ then its spring constant in a frame $O'$ which is moving with a speed $v$ at an angle $\theta$ with the $X$ ...
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Why doesn't a bus blow due to internal pressure?
When one travels in a bus, if he's sitting at any window, he will feel that the air is coming inside. If someone is standing at the open door of the bus, he'll also feel that the air is coming inside....
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Why rubber is incompressible material?
Why rubber is incompressible material? I know its Poisson's ratio is nearing to 0.5. So I don't understand physically, what it means by 0.5 Poisson's ratio and incompressibility. When I tried ...
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Is there any dynamical reason for the winter solstice to happen close to the perihelion?
When the winter solstice arrives, the angular momentum of the Earth, its orbital angular momentum and its radius vector with the orbital focus in the Sun are in the same plane. This happens quite ...
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Is it possible to reassemble a perfectly cleaved crystalline solid?
This is a purely theoretical question about "perfect" solids under "perfect" conditions.
Assume you have a crystalline solid with a perfect crystal lattice (i.e. no defects). Let's imagine a cube of ...
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Why are springs spiral-shaped? [duplicate]
I've had this question on my mind for quite a while and looking at the web, I couldn't find an answer to this question.
I've had a lot of physics experiments involving springs, unintentionally ...
user226894
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Is there a solid material with low acoustic impedance and low attenuation coefficient?
Is there a solid material with both a low acoustic impedance (specifically, an acoustic impedance as close as possible to that of the air) as well as low attenuation? In other words, is there a ...
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Does zero strain always imply zero stress?
In solid mechanics, can I always assume that if an object undergoes no strain, then no stress is applied to it? I think it's true only because I can't seem to find a counter-example.
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General plane motion and freely floating rigid body
Consider a rigid rectangular plate of length $l$, width $w$ and thickness $t$ which is at rest and is floating freely in space (no gravity). The center of the plate is at $O_L$ with respect to global ...
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Why do ribbons curl when we stroke them with scissors?
I have recently learnt how to make quilling swirls [also called paper filigree] ,one of the methods to curl the paper strips is to quickly run your fingernail on the underside of the strip you want to ...
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Is there a scale at which all solids can be treated as fluids?
I was answering an Earth Science SE question that involved the reasons why Earth has an equatorial bulge, and wanted to make an offhand comment such as "Real planetary constituents aren't this strong; ...
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Question regarding thermal expansion of a bi-metallic strip
I was reading about bi-metallic strips and came to know that on heating it forms an arc like shape. I also read a sentence that said the radius of such an arc can also be calculated which will be ...
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Why plane stress condition is taken for thin plates
Why plane stress is taken for thin plates? It says in the books that the stress variation is small for thin components and is close to zero. Why is that so?
Also why stress at free surface is zero? (...
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Intuition for Stress and the Cauchy Stress Tensor
I'm struggling to get an intuitive understanding of what exactly Stress is, particularly the "direction" associated with it.
In the case of a 1 dimensional bar with just uniaxial loading, ...
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Why isn't there a "parallel" Pressure as there is a parallel or shear Stress?
I had this question while I was reading the differences between pressure and stress.
As I have read:
Pressure is the intensity of external forces acting on a point, and it always act normal to the ...
user260844
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2
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Interpretation of Hooke's Law
I often see people interpreting Hooke's Law $σ=Eε$ as,
"The deformation $ε$ that occurs when you subject a material to a stress $σ$."
This makes it sound like stress is an external ...
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Why is it harder to situp on solid floor?
When I situp on solid floor it is harder for me to lift my body upwards versus on a soft/foamy floor which I can do a lot.
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Hookes law and objective stress rates
Often, in papers presenting updated Lagrangian simulation methods for solid dynamics, the following procedure for updating the (Cauchy) stress tensor is presented:
First, the Cauchy stress tensor is ...
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Why does squashed clay 'hug' the press rather than spreading out?
In this demonstration a piece of clay (or clay-like material) is squashed under a press. The lump of clay initially spreads out under the ram of the press. But once it reaches the edge of the ram ...
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Is it a law of physics that all machines will break?
The question sounds kinda dumb when I say it out loud but at the same time I'm very curious. When things break, is it solely due to an intrinsic design flaw or is it due to entropy? And is the ...
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Wall stress of a hexagonal pressure vessel
Problem: I want to calculate the stress in the walls of a hexagonal pressure vessel but I can't manage to get coherent results. For long vessels, cylinders are supposed to have the lowest hoop stress ...
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Why solid objects create a sound if you tear them apart?
For example, if you are strong enough to tear apart a piece of plastic - it will make a distinctive sound. If you break it - it too makes a sound. Even if you tear apart paper - it makes sound. But ...
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Why does sawing action increase the effectiveness of cutting knives?
From practical experience, it's obvious that a sharp non-serrated knife will cut items with more ease if the user attempts a sawing motion.
The intuitive reasoning for how a non-serrated knife cuts -...
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How to write classical dynamics of solids in tensor form (relation of stiffness and viscosity tensor)?
This is a question about dynamics. If I have understood correctly there should be a tensor that describes the dynamics of a (solid?) body (= viscosity ?). I mean, tensor that includes the time ...
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Existence of solid mechanics problems that cannot be solved through Lax-Milgram approaches
Very often, solid mechanicians employ finite-element analyses to solve problems in linear solid mechanics. This approach is guaranteed to work because the Lax-Milgram theorem, along with some ...
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True strain, engineering strain, strain gauges
I've been somewhat confused over the concepts of true and engineering strain, and I just want to see if I am understanding this correctly.
Let us denote true and engineering strain as $\epsilon_t$ ...
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Can we write "Normal force" as a function of underlying surface's intrinsic properties?
We usually tend to use Newton's second law for finding equations relating the forces being applied on the (not rotating) rigid body located at a plane surface and then calculate "Normal force" by ...
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How thick does steel have to be to be able to withstand 300 bar (sphere)
How thick does the material in a sphere have to be to withstand the (inner)pressure of 300 bar if the material is steel? (With an inner-radius of 2cm)
Atmosphere pressure = same as 0 meter above sea ...
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Equivalence of turbulence in solid materials
The governing equations for a fluid and a solid are effectively the same and many times analysis can be done for a solid using the Navier-Stokes equations with the equation of state and/or the stress ...
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Limits of Poisson's ratio in isotropic solid
For an isotropic solid, Poisson's ratio can be expressed in terms of stiffness constants as:
$$\sigma = \frac{c_{11} - 2c_{44}}{2c_{11} - 2c_{44}}$$
Alternatively we may express Poisson's ratio in ...
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Why is the partial derivative of strain energy function with respect to strain equal to stress
In Elasticity, we have a strain energy function , $W$, that is a function of strain tensor, $E$.
Then the cauchy stress tensor, $T$ can be determined by:
$$T_{ij}=\frac{\partial W}{\partial E_{ij}} \...
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von Mises yield criterion when all 3 principal stresses are equal and in tension
Based on the von Mises yield criterion, a material begins to yield at a point when the state of stress at that point is such that the scalar known as the von Mises stress, exceeds the yield strength ...
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Question regarding bending of beams (solid mechanics)
I'm still in High-school, and we've just finished a chapter on solid-mechanics.
A scenario we were supplied with by our teacher, involves a cuboidal beam supported at two ends, like this:
Now if a ...
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How to determine plastic strain rate
Equivalent plastic strain rate is defined as
$$
\dot{\bar{\epsilon}}=\sqrt{\frac{2}{3}\dot{\epsilon_{ij}}^{p}\dot{\epsilon_{ij}}^{p} }
$$
Where,
$ \dot{\bar{\epsilon}}$ is equivalent plastic strain ...
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How does stress change through a bar that sharply increases in diameter?
I am looking to analyse the stress through the following bar:
The bar is of circular cross section, homogeneous in material, that is of a certain diameter on one half, and a large diameter on the ...
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Is there a way to calculate strain energy based on stress and deformation gradient?
We know that we can obtain stress from strain energy density and deformation gradient, for example:
$$\mathbf P=\frac{\partial W}{\partial \mathbf F}$$
However, is there a way to calculate $W$ from $...
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Materials with Zero Poisson Ratio
Poisson's ratio is defined as negative ratio between transverse and axial strain. So, a material with zero poisson ratio must necessarily exhibit no transverse strain. After checking the wikipedia, ...
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Interpretation of lame parameters in solid mechanics
I think I have a pretty good understanding of the physical interpretation of young's modulus $E$ and poisson ratio $\nu$ in solid mechanics. However, I often find in mathematical papers that the ...
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Formulas for compressibility of solids
I am taking a course in mechanics this semester, as well as a course in reservoir physics. Both courses have sections devoted to pressure/compressibility of solids, but the formulas look slightly ...
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Is charge carrier density an intrinsic property of a material and is thus constant?
I was studying the equation $$I = nAvq$$
where $n$ = the charge carrier density, $A$ = cross-sectional area of the conductor, $v$ = mean drift velocity of the
charge carriers, and $q$ = the charge on ...
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Determination of mass density distribution of an object
This is a follow-up to a previous question How can you weigh your own head in an accurate way?.
My purpose is not to restart the flurry of more or less humorous
jokes (which are not such a bad thing ...
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How to interpret the constraints on Poisson's ratio values, physically? [duplicate]
If I'm not mistaken, a Young's modulus $E$ can theoretically take on any positive value without bound. Physically, I interpret this as though a solid can have any arbitrary "stiffness" (within the ...
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Qualitative understanding on why solids expand
I'm trying to understand better why solids expand, and what I've been looking at to help guide my understanding is the following graphic from my lecture notes:
Now, to illustrate what I think is ...
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Why traction vector depends on surface(section) orientration?
Need help with stress tensors. Every book says that traction vector at a point P depends on orientation of surface cutting this point. But as far as I know traction is defined in this way: Traction is ...
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Can a material generally score or cut itself by hand?
I'm wondering if a given solid material can, in general, score or cut the same material, when applied by (at most) human muscular strength.
I've tried searching for this online, but it seems like a ...
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Wave equation on Air- Solid interaction
Suppose that there is, due to an explosion $h$ meters above the ground, a wave in the air with high density, velocity and pressure, capable of inducing an elastic wave on the earth's surface. How does ...
user186672
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What is so special about octahedral stresses?
Octahedral stresses are described here. Octahedral shear stress failure criterion is also called as distortion energy failure criterion. Moreover, famous von Mises yield criterion is related with ...
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