Questions tagged [quantum-anomalies]
This tag is for anomalies in a symmetry, either in classical or quantum theories. DO NOT USE THIS TAG for anomalies in a measurement.
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21 views
Does the vanishing of the one loop beta function imply no running to all orders?
This question sounds ridiculous, but bear with me. I am having a hard time reconciling the following two facts:
Classical global symmetries can become anomalous upon quantization, and the anomalous ...
5
votes
1answer
53 views
Viewing anomalous dimensions in RG as a quantum anomaly
Other than sharing the word “anomalous”, both the anomalous dimension in RG and the more well-known quantum anomalies (such as chiral anomaly) share a common feature. These are violations of classical ...
2
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1answer
38 views
In the case of the Dirac Equation,what forbids the free electron to absorb a photon? (electron magnetic moment)
It is straightforward to show from relativistic kinematics that a free electron cannot absorb a photon, as shown in this previous thread.
However, It is also known that using the Dirac equation, you ...
4
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2answers
172 views
Weyl anomaly in 2d CFT (string theory lectures by D.Tong)
In his lectures on String Theory (http://www.damtp.cam.ac.uk/user/tong/string.html), Tong gives a proof of the Weyl anomaly, using equation $(4.36)$. It seems wrong to me.
Here he uses the OPE ...
3
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0answers
46 views
Anomaly is due to the noninvariance of the path-integral under a symmetry. Is the noninvariance reflected on 1PI effective action?
When a symmetry is anomalous, the path integral $Z=\int\mathcal{D}\phi e^{iS[\phi]}$ is not invariant under that group of symmetry transformations $G$. This is because though the classical action $S[\...
5
votes
1answer
64 views
Nielsen-Ninomiya Theorem versus Chiral Gauge Anomaly
As far as I understand, the Nielsen-Ninomiya theorem states that (under mild conditions) the number of left and right-handed chiral fermions must be equal on the lattice, while the chiral gauge ...
5
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0answers
71 views
Parity Anomaly and Gauge Invariance
In Fermionic Path Integral and Topological Phases, Witten shows that in $2+1$ dimensions, the free massless Dirac fermion suffers from parity anomaly. To be specific, he shows that it is impossible to ...
0
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0answers
59 views
Why Parity Anomaly in Odd Dimensions?
In section 13.6 of Nakahara, the parity anomaly is in odd dimensional spacetime.
From the paper Fermionic Path Integral And Topological Phases by Witten, the problem appears as one cannot define the ...
7
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1answer
115 views
When is an anomaly one-loop exact?
There are many examples of quantum anomalies that are one-loop exact, and many examples of anomalies that have contributions to all orders in perturbation theory. I haven't been able to identify a ...
4
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1answer
85 views
APS $\eta$-invariant and spin-Ising TQFT
I am interested in the relation between the Atiyah-Patodi-Singer-$\eta$ invariant and spin topological quantum field theory. In the paper Gapped Boundary Phases of Topological Insulators via Weak ...
1
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1answer
46 views
How does the global $G^2G'$ anomaly make all the $\theta$-vacua associated to the gauge group $G$ physically equivalent?
Consider a gauge group $G$ and suppose that there is a $\theta$-term associated to it. According to this answer, the existence of a global anomalous symmetry $G'$ which rotates the $\theta$-term, ...
1
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1answer
69 views
What does $B+L$ anomaly have to do with a phase redefinition of the left-handed quark field?
According to this answer, the reason why $SU(2)_L$ weak theory does not have a theta vacuum is because any theta term can be reabsorbed with a phase redefinition of the left-handed quark field.
...
4
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1answer
84 views
“The operators with nontrivial vacuum expectation values have to soak up the zero modes associated to the anomaly.”
I was reading ref.1, where one can read (emphasis mine)
... the vacuum expectation value $\langle \mathcal O_{\phi_1}\cdots \mathcal O_{\phi_\ell}\rangle$ vanishes unless
$$
\sum_{k=1}^\ell\...
3
votes
1answer
123 views
What is the physical interpretation of chirality / chiral anomaly?
I'm dealing with this paper from C. Bär and A. Strohmeier about a rigorous derivation of the chiral anomaly. I'm not quite familiar with the physical context of chirality and its anomaly. What ...
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1answer
94 views
Are anomalies always undesirable?
In the glossary of the AMS book on Quantum Fields and Strings it is stated that
An anomalous theory does not make sense quantum mechanically, so anomaly cancellation is a fundamental requirement ...
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0answers
120 views
Is it possible to couple an odd number of Dirac fermions, at finite density, to a massless gauge field in 2+1d?
In a beautiful paper by A. N. Redlich (PRL $\bf{52}$, 18 (1984)) on the parity anomaly, the author indicates that an odd number of Dirac fermions can never be coupled to a massless gauge field in 2+1d ...
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0answers
31 views
Trouble Understanding Computation in Weinberg Quantum Theory of Fields Vol. 2 Chapter 22
In Chapter 22 (Anomalies) of Weinberg Vol. 2, the author is evaluating the anomaly function
$\mathcal{A}(x) = -2[Tr(\gamma_5 t f(-(\not{D}/M)^2))\delta(x-y)]_{y\rightarrow x}$,
following Fujikawa'...
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0answers
35 views
Showing that $U(1)_R$ charge is non-anomalous in SUSY QCD when $r=\frac{F-N}{F}$
I'm trying to show that the value of the R-charge $r$ for which the R-symmetry is non-anomalous is given by $r=\frac{F-N}{F}$.
To do this we must calculate the triangle diagrams for the quarks $\...
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0answers
23 views
What is the critical string?
What is the critical string?
From wiki, I found the definition of non-Critical string
wiki
The non-critical string theory describes the relativistic string without enforcing the critical ...
3
votes
1answer
74 views
$SU(5)$ representation and higher anti-symmetric traces
In Zee QFT book v2 p.411 eq.16-17, he shows the SU(5) gauge theory anomaly cancellation by the following:
The 1st line in fundamental of SU(5)
$$
tr(T^3)=3(+2)^3+2(-3)^3=30,
$$
is easy to follow, ...
3
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0answers
79 views
Mathematics of Anomalies in QFT
As a mathematics student interested in theoretical physics, I found it very hard to study about anomalies in QFT in standard physics texts. They concentrate on particular examples (like chiral anomaly)...
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2answers
562 views
Can anomalies exist without gauge fields?
In Schwartz's QFT book, it is stated that anomalies cannot exist in a theory without gauge fields. This is because anomalies always give equations like
$$\partial_\mu j^\mu \sim F \tilde{F}$$
where ...
6
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0answers
69 views
What's the real resolution of the $U(1)_A$ problem?
To recap the problem, consider QCD with three massless quark flavors. There is a symmetry
$$SU(3)_L \times SU(3)_R \times U(1)_L \times U(1)_R$$
corresponding to independent rotations of the left-...
4
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1answer
80 views
What happens to the $U(1)_B U(1)_Y^2$ anomaly in the Standard Model?
Baryon number $U(1)_B$ is anomalous in the Standard Model, as can be seen by computing a $U(1)_B SU(2)_L^2$ triangle diagram. This implies that
$$\partial_\mu J^{\mu B} \sim W_{\mu\nu} \tilde{W}^{\mu\...
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0answers
22 views
Gauging $U(1)_{B-L}$ in the absence of right-handed neutrinos
If we gauge the baryon minus lepton number symmetry $U(1)_{B-L}$, the mixed lepton-gravity-anomalies cancel in the presence of right-handed neutrinos (see e.g. this paper). However, if right-handed ...
3
votes
1answer
111 views
2D anomaly-free condition for a gauge theory
Take a $SU(2)$ gauge theory in 2d spacetime, say there are $n_1$ left-handed Weyl fermion in spin-1 written as
$$
1_L,
$$
and $n_0$ left-handed Weyl fermion in spin-0 written as
$$
0_L .
$$
and $n_{1/...
0
votes
1answer
72 views
Equality of positron and proton charge problem statement
When I hear that the equality of positron and proton charge is an unsolved problem I assume that we are putting the electric charge by hand in the electroweak section of the SM Lagrangian.
Is this ...
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0answers
53 views
$Z_1=Z_2$ without Ward-Takahashi identity?
In the renormalization of QED, the way that $Z_1=Z_2$ is treated e.g. in Schwartz is by first giving a simple "heuristic argument" based on gauge invariance (in the beginning of section 19.5) before ...
2
votes
1answer
78 views
Simple explanation of the QCD VEV in terms of instantons
I've heard that instantons in QCD generate quark bilinear condensate $\langle \bar{q}_{L}q_{R}\rangle$ which is responsible for spontaneous symmetry breaking. Is there any clear and simple way to ...
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0answers
50 views
Feynman rules for anomalous vertex [closed]
We can read Feynman rules directly from the lagrangian in the simplest cases, but for the following lagrangian I am a few stuck
$\mathcal{L}=4g\phi\epsilon^{\mu\nu\rho\sigma}\partial_{\mu}A_{\nu}\...
2
votes
0answers
72 views
Gauge anomaly from conformal dimension?
According to ref.1, the Chern-Simons theory $\mathrm{SU}(N)_k$ has a $\mathbb Z_N$ one-form symmetry with anomaly
$$
\eta=\exp\left[-2\pi i \frac{k}{N}\right]\tag{4.12}
$$
which, apparently, can be ...
0
votes
0answers
32 views
Dimensions and superstring theory [duplicate]
While I was reading B. Greene 's "the fabric of the cosmos" ,
There he says that the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics are the two pillars on which modern physics stands, but these theories ...
3
votes
1answer
91 views
Does the ABJ anomaly for the Abelian gauge field have a topological argument?
We known that the ABJ anomaly for non-abelian gauge fields with gauge group containing $SU(2)$ as a subgroup has a topological argument from the Euclidean path integral. Through studying the Euclidean ...
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1answer
47 views
Proposal of the Virasoro modes and algebra
Hi I am wondering what the first published paper on Virasoro modes was? And what about Virasoro algebra?
2
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0answers
83 views
Energy-Momentum Tensor and Variation of the Partition Function
I am currently working through the Fujikawa paper "Comments on Chiral and Conformal Anomalies". I have, however, had some issues getting around some notation, and perhaps a little of the logic, he ...
4
votes
1answer
127 views
Can a gauge anomaly be *removed* by quantum corrections?
Consider a classical gauge field coupled to a vector field $j^\mu$. Gauge invariance requires that $\mathcal A_\mathrm{cl}:=\partial_\mu j^\mu$ vanishes:
$$
\mathcal A_\mathrm{cl}\equiv 0
$$
In other ...
8
votes
0answers
125 views
Can cut-off regularisation cause a Poincaré anomaly?
Momentum cut-off regularisation leads to non-covariant results, i.e., it breaks the Poincaré covariance of the theory. Is there any guarantee that Poincaré covariance is always restored when we remove ...
2
votes
0answers
192 views
Why does M-theory need 11 dimensions? [duplicate]
I have looked on the internet and no one can tell me why M-theory needs eleven dimensions?
2
votes
1answer
95 views
Parity Invariance of Path-Integral Measure
If a theory is parity invariant classically, is its path-integral measure also invariant under parity?
0
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0answers
31 views
Can quantum anomalous hall effect in ferromagnetic material be attribute to the internal B field?
I have learned that the berry flux in the brillouin zone is responsible for the intrinsic QAHE. But one of my professors explains the Quantum anomalous hall effect by arguing that the exchange ...
2
votes
1answer
89 views
axial anomaly for adjoint fermion v.s. fundamental fermion
It is known that the axial anomaly (chiral anomaly, the left L- right R) shows that $U(1)_A$-axial symmetry is not a global symmetry at quantum level.
In particular, one can consider the (1) ...
2
votes
1answer
193 views
Old-fashioned approach to neutral pion’s decay rate
I am uncomfy with the calculation of the neutral pion’s decay rate via the triangle anomaly diagram, which gets touted as evidence of three colors. The calculation invokes PCAC in the guise of the ...
2
votes
2answers
72 views
In what sense are quasiholes and quasiparticles “excitations” in Fractional Quantum Hall (FQH) systems?
In the theory of Fractional Quantum Hall states, one often sees quasi-holes and quasi-electrons (or quasi-particles) being called "excitations" from the ground state initially given by Laughlin (...
9
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1answer
194 views
How do anomalies work in the causal formulation of QFT?
In the Epstein-Glaser formulation of a QFT, the would-be divergences are taken care of by meticulously splitting the distributions that appear in the construction of the $S$-matrix (or correlation ...
2
votes
1answer
167 views
Why are critical dimensions and central charge linkable?
From wikipedia:
"In order for a string theory to be consistent, the worldsheet theory must be conformally invariant. The obstruction to conformal symmetry is known as the Weyl anomaly and is ...
5
votes
1answer
133 views
Anomalies and short-distance divergences$.$
Let $J$ be a certain Noether current
$$
J=J[\phi]
$$
where $\phi$ is a field. This object is classically conserved, although in the quantum-mechanical case it may be anomalous.
In the functional ...
6
votes
0answers
220 views
Anomalous Ward Identities and anomalous dimensions
Let us consider an action $S[\phi,\partial\phi]$ which is classically invariant under a transformation group $G$. The associated Noether current $\mathcal{J}^\mu$ is classically conserved, namely $\...
2
votes
1answer
188 views
Why must the conformal anomaly on string worldsheet be cancelled?
Viewing the coordinates of spacetime as fields on string worldsheet, the strings are described by the Polyakov action which presents conformal symmetry (including others) at the claasical level.
Now ...
3
votes
1answer
272 views
How to calculate an axial anomaly in 1+1 dimensions?
As far as I understand, an axial $U(1)$ transformation transforms a two-component spinor like
$$ \psi \to \psi'=\text e^{\text i\epsilon \gamma^5 }\psi,\qquad \psi=\begin{pmatrix}\psi_1\\\psi_2\end{...
2
votes
0answers
73 views
Anomalous triangle vertex: divergencies and symmetry argument
Consider triangle correlator of one axial-vector current $J_{\lambda 5}$ and two vector currents $J_{\mu}, J_{\nu}$ in a theory with a fermion with mass $m$:
$$
\Gamma_{\lambda \mu\nu}(q,p,k) = F\bigg[...
