Questions tagged [liquid-state]
The liquid state of matter is characterized by short-ranged correlations, as opposed to the long-ranged correlations of crystals and the absence of correlations in an ideal gas. Use this tag for questions specifically concerning the thermodynamics and statistical-mechanics of liquids. For the dynamical and mechanical properties of liquids, use the "fluid-dynamics" and "fluid-statics" tags.
163
questions
1
vote
0
answers
27
views
Paramagnetic/diamagnetic fluid separation
Is it possible to separate fluids or at least alter their relative concentrations in the presence of a magnetic field if one fluid is diamagnetic and the other paramagnetic?
If so by how much? Are ...
1
vote
0
answers
55
views
Why does the $\delta$ term exist in the density-density correlation for simple liquids?
I am reading Theory of Simple Liquids by Hansen and McDonald, and they in chapter 3, they describe the density-density correlation for a simple liquid in the grand canonical ensemble. This is how they ...
- 647
1
vote
2
answers
227
views
Understanding the Static Structure Factor of a Liquid
I am trying to understand static structure factors, $S(Q)$, for liquids. This function represents pairwise correlations in reciprocal space and can be measured experimentally using X-ray or neutron ...
- 13
4
votes
0
answers
27
views
Why pouring water onto something makes it darker? [duplicate]
Imagine pouring water on a shirt: when the water is absorbed by the tissue you notice the stain because has a darker colour than the dry tissue. This also works on the asphalt, on the loam, on the ...
- 51
-1
votes
1
answer
353
views
Can ice ever sink in the water? [closed]
It is generally taught in schools that ice is less dense than water, which is why ice is seen to float on the water. But isn't ice heavier compared to water at a temperature quite above 4 degrees ...
- 297
0
votes
1
answer
45
views
Newton's law of cooling without data?
I am wondering if it is possible to find the time it takes for a cup of tea to cool down if you know only the initial temperature of the tea and the point where you decide that the cup has cooled down?...
- 1
0
votes
1
answer
52
views
Slip or no slip at liquid-liquid interfaces
Suppose I have two liquids (oil and water). Which condition is more realistic at the interface of the two liquids: Slip or no slip and why?
- 225
2
votes
1
answer
103
views
In an open quantum system, what is the justification for using a harmonic oscillator bath to represent the molecular environment in a solvent?
The Caldeira-leggett (CL) model is sometimes used to describe quantum mechanical effects in a system (like a biomolecule) immersed in a solvent. The Hamiltonian of the CL model consists of an ...
- 2,216
2
votes
3
answers
390
views
How can gas be cooled to liquid by expansion?
My friend works at a gas company and told me that in order to cool gas to low temperatures to form a liquid, they compress the gas and then cool it to say -10 degrees C, then let it expand and it gets ...
- 131
2
votes
1
answer
55
views
What will happen with the liquid inside a falling bottle when the bottle is suddenly stopped?
When I dropped a bottle with a small amount of olive oil left in it, the oil got launched out of it when it hit the floor.
Now imagine we perform an experiment. We fill a bottle with a liquid. We let ...
- 480
1
vote
2
answers
118
views
Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle
My question here is, why do we need point 2 to be on the saturated liquid line, i.e. why do we need a saturated liquid for the throttling process? Why can we not use it in the liquid region or ...
1
vote
0
answers
36
views
Would isotopes of hydrogen separate in liquid phase?
According to https://www.aqua-calc.com/calculate/volume-to-weight
the difference in density of deuterium/hydrogen in liquid state is 70miligrams/cm^3 vs 169miligrams/cm^3.
Would this be a sufficient ...
- 95
38
votes
13
answers
13k
views
If water is nearly as incompressible as ground, why don't divers get injured when they plunge into it?
I have read that water (or any other liquid) cannot be compressed like gases and it is nearly as elastic as solid. So why isn’t the impact of diving into water equivalent to that of diving on hard ...
- 515
1
vote
1
answer
28
views
Does melting a metal affect its electronic band stucture?
Given that the band structure of a metal emerges from the periodicity of the crystalline lattice and the corresponding symmetry arguments, what happens to the band structure as the metal is melted ...
- 123
18
votes
5
answers
7k
views
Is there a liquid which boils at room temperature and normal pressure, and can we use it to produce electricity?
In many places the temperature difference between day and night is more than 20 degrees C. Max 45 C and min 25C. Can we create a machine which uses a liquid which has boiling point around 25-30 C and ...
- 283
0
votes
2
answers
122
views
For liquids where the solid doesn’t float, how does the liquid freeze?
Take for example water; when water freezes, ice floats, and given a pond or something during the winter, the pond seems to freeze from the top down.
Considering a similar circumstance, let’s say we ...
- 157
0
votes
0
answers
48
views
Cubic nature of van der Waals' gas equation [duplicate]
$V_m^3-\dfrac{RT+bP}{P}V_m^2+\dfrac{a}{P}V_m-\dfrac{ab}{P}=0$
So, At $T<T_c$ the above equation has three real roots say $V_1,V_2,V_3$, my doubt is what does this mean physically because for some ...
- 193
4
votes
2
answers
684
views
Confusion in Derivation of Excess Pressure in a Cylindrical Drop
I have recently learnt about surface tension and have developed a list of key points to solve problems:-
Surface tension acts on the surface where a surface is defined as the interface(flat or curved)...
user329235
1
vote
2
answers
412
views
Why does the air pressure not increase when I shake a coke bottle?
I tried this experiment lately and this happened, I shook a coke bottle and its air pressure remained the same but the coke came squirting out when I opened the lid. How is this possible?
user333186
1
vote
1
answer
104
views
Why is pair distribution function equal to the Boltzmann factor?
On my statistical physics book it is written that the probability of finding two molecules at distance $r$ is not influenced by the presence of the other molecules, and for this reason, without any ...
- 1,750
0
votes
0
answers
74
views
What is the distribution on the speed of particles in a liquid? (analogous to the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution)
I know, for gases, the distribution on the speed of particles is the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. What is the corresponding distribution for liquids (e.g. water)? You can assume that the liquid is ...
- 776
0
votes
1
answer
65
views
What does a local maximum under 1 in a two-point correlation function mean?
Two-point correlation functions like the radial distribution function (real space) and the structure factor $S(q)$ (reciprocal space) give information about correlations in a (typically) fluid ...
- 542
3
votes
1
answer
123
views
Does a metal evaporate as single atoms or as molecules?
If I had a liquid metal, like Al, and I begin heating it so it evaporates, would the evaporating Al be in the form of atoms or as molecules?
- 123
1
vote
1
answer
219
views
Steam Produced by Induction Cookers
I had recently noticed that induction cookers produce much more steam than normal gas tops and when I set the setting in the induction cooker to 'steam' it produces ever more steam. I used the same ...
0
votes
0
answers
56
views
Effect of the temperature dependence of $\Delta H_{vap}$ on the vapor pressure?
I am aware that the enthalpy of vaporization of a fluid ,$\Delta H_{vap}$ is temperature dependent since it must be equal to zero at the critical temperature of said fluid, $T_c$ (although this is ...
- 123
0
votes
1
answer
34
views
Convection from rapidly evaporating liquid inside vacuum chamber?
If we have a liquid that is is being actively heated and is rapidly evaporating (let's say around 1g/s for Ag at 1500K) inside a vacuum chamber, can convection around the liquid/vapor interface occur ...
- 123
1
vote
0
answers
93
views
Can you remove air bubbles from oil by heating it just like you do with water? Does oil even have dissolved air?
I have a flat bottle filled half with water and top half with oil. It has a impeller connected with motor which slowly swirls oil and water to create beautiful lava lamp like effect. However after ...
- 11
2
votes
1
answer
24
views
Pump fluid down HPHT gas well - fluid remains at top
Working offshore on a High Pressure / High Temperature gas well. We pumped 120 barrels of organic solvent into the well. The gas density was 0.3kg/m3. The fluid was 0.8kg/m3 & a boiling point of ...
- 21
3
votes
2
answers
214
views
Quantum description of water
It seems that we have quantum description of solid and gas, but there seem to be few quantum models of liquid, with the exception of Liquid Helium or perhaps Fermi Liquid.
For solids, we often study ...
- 940
1
vote
1
answer
329
views
On the dielectric constants of liquid and vapor phases of a material
I can find the static dielectric constant of materials on the website or in a handbook. But for some liquids, it only shows the dielectric constant at the saturation vapor pressure. I am confused that ...
- 201
2
votes
3
answers
98
views
How deep bore well pumps works?
From highschool physics that I learned.
Let
density of water be $\rho = 10^3
kg/m^3 $
and acceleration due to $g = 10 m/s^2 $
and atmospheric pressure be $P{_0} = 10^5 Pa$
now as $\rho \times g \...
0
votes
2
answers
56
views
Can you wash your feet without making them temporarily adhesive?
When my feet get dirty I wash them in the shower but then when I walk around the house small particles on the floor get glued to my feet which I don't like.
Boring solutions would be to use a towel or ...
user314282
0
votes
0
answers
109
views
Functional derivatives in density functional theory
I am studying density functional theory and I am currently dealing with manipulating the intrinsic free energy, $\mathcal{F}$, which is defined as
$$\mathcal{F} = F - \int dr \rho ^{(1)}(r)\phi (r) $$...
- 647
0
votes
2
answers
256
views
How much work can be done on a liquid through compression?
Work can be done on a gas by compressing it in an adiabatic process, raising its temperature. I'm wondering if the same thing could be done on a liquid, since liquids aren't truly incompressible. If ...
- 1,375
0
votes
1
answer
77
views
Are open liquids always colder than ambient temperature?
I recently got myself a cheap thermal camera, and amongst other things I also noticed that standing water, even if it has been out for several days, always appears ~2°C colder than ambient temperature....
- 202
1
vote
1
answer
119
views
Working of liquid lens
we were recently introduced to the liquid lens in school, but i havent quite understood the working of it. I realize that the curvature of the lens is changed by some process, but i dont exactly know ...
- 311
4
votes
1
answer
265
views
What would be the color of a deep, pure and vast liquid $\rm CO_2$ ocean if viewed from space (ignoring the atmosphere's influence)?
So far I had no luck trying to find the visible absorption spectrum of $\rm CO_2$ anywhere, all I get is the far infrared absorption spectrum and stuff like that.
If you just search "what color ...
- 43
3
votes
1
answer
588
views
Why can't water be liquid above 647 kelvins?
In this article about vapor, it is said that liquid water can't exist if its temperature is higher than 647 kelvins. But if we put the liquid water in a closed container and heated up the water, ...
user301229
3
votes
3
answers
79
views
How many water molecules should I put together before I can tell If it's liquid, gas or Solid?
How many water molecules should I put together before I can tell If it's liquid, gas, or Solid?
I know, there isn't any clear boundary that says that you have to put $50$ molecules or $100$ ...
- 11.5k
1
vote
2
answers
254
views
Flattening of large liquid drops
I have read that liquid drops are spherical in shape due to the surface tension of the liquid which tend to minimise the $\frac{surface}{volume}$ ratio of a given volume of a liquid. But in real life, ...
- 584
2
votes
1
answer
36
views
Can hot liquid metal be magnetically entrapped?
Is it physically possible that a magnetic field be produced or exist; to contain hot, possibly electrically charged, liquid metal, from one side of the liquid metal, into a shape, at zero gravity, ...
- 453
2
votes
3
answers
108
views
Had the centrifugal force of the rotation of Earth in the past forced liquid, hot Pangea to be positioned near the Equator?
Had the centrifugal force of the rotation of Earth in the past forced liquid, hot Pangea to be positioned near the Equator? Maybe also a question for 'GSE' but if we deal with centrifugal forces and ...
- 1,795
0
votes
1
answer
88
views
Could liquid hydrogen tank be any shape we want? [closed]
I am doing the initial design of an aircraft for my Aerospace Engineering project. I want to use liquid hydrogen as the fuel of my aircraft. However, a cylindrical fuel tank or spherical fuel tank ...
- 155
0
votes
1
answer
203
views
Liquid nitrous oxide released from gas cylinder
Say you have liquid nitrous oxide in a standard gas cylinder (about 55 bar) at room temperature. Normally the cylinder sits upright and gas is released via valve.
Now let's assume you released liquid ...
- 111
0
votes
1
answer
223
views
How to specify the dimension of the simulation box to run molecular dynamics simulation?
I want to study the physical properties of binary liquids, molecular dynamics simulation using gromacs software is used to simulate the liquids. To set the initial coordinate configuration, how do we ...
0
votes
1
answer
83
views
What pressure does liquid nitrous oxide need at -45°C?
What pressure does liquid nitrous oxide need at -45°C to remain liquid? How can I calculate it's pressure required for other temperatures?
- 111
0
votes
1
answer
17
views
Density measurement with two components (one solid and one liquid)
Not sure if this is the right place, but here it goes. I wonder if this formula works for a mixture between a solid and a liquid:
$$P_t = \frac{1}{\frac{X_a}{P_a} + \frac{X_b}{P_b}}$$
This in the ...
- 365
-2
votes
1
answer
508
views
Can you compress helium into a liquid and if so at what pressure will it liquify [closed]
I want to know if helium will liquify under a certain pressure and exactly how much pressure would it take?
2
votes
3
answers
343
views
Why is the slope of pressure and volume almost zero below critical point for liquefaction of gas?
Image shows the Andrews isotherms regarding liquefaction of gases.
Why is the $PV$ curve almost horizontal from point $B$ to $C$?
I want to understand why does a small increment in pressure result in ...
- 1,170
28
votes
5
answers
7k
views
Why do wet plates stick together with a relatively high force?
When I wash up plates and don't dry them right away and place on top of each other, they seem to stick together with a relatively high "force": i.e. when I try to pick the top plate hours ...
- 507