Questions tagged [ions]
The ions tag has no usage guidance.
0
votes
0answers
11 views
Mass spectrometry
I have a question concering mass spectrometry, more specifically the quadrupole mass analyser. As I understand it only some ions will be able to pass through the rods and the rest will collide with ...
0
votes
0answers
15 views
For which energetic reasons are ions blocked by cell membranes?
The permeability of cell membranes is given by the following diagram from the book "Biochemistry":
The reason that ions get blocked can be explained chemically: The ions favor interactions with the ...
2
votes
1answer
21 views
Binding energy of a molecular ion?
The protons in the $\text{H}_2^{+}$ molecular ion are $0.106 \, \mathrm{nm}$ apart, and the binding energy of $\text{H}_2^{+}$ is $2.65\,\mathrm{eV} .$ What negative charge must be placed halfway ...
1
vote
0answers
29 views
What are the prerequisites for a free electron and an atom/ion to recombine?
I'm mostly interested about recombination not in plasma (e.g., recombination of beta particles with atoms that they pass by), although the rules are probably the same.
Say, there's a free electron ...
0
votes
0answers
17 views
Ion separation is effected by static or dynamic electric or magnetic fields?
My textbook says the following:
The basic principle of mass spectrometry (MS) is to generate ions from either inorganic or organic compounds by any suitable method, to separate these ions by their ...
-1
votes
3answers
57 views
What does it mean to be/have a negative charge?
what does it mean to be negatively charged. I can't find anything on it and i would love to be able to finally understand what it means to be negatively charged.
0
votes
1answer
14 views
How to contain air ions inside a chamber without loosing their charge?
I would like to create an experiment where I would hold ionized air molecules. Most likely negative O2-1 ions. I am looking for the most appropriate enclosure so that the ions do lose as little of ...
1
vote
0answers
43 views
Refractive Index in Ionized Liquid from Micro Aspect
I learned about the refractive index of gases and dense materials, which is a function of the atom number per volume, wavelength of electromagnetic wave, etc. However, what is the refractive of ...
1
vote
1answer
57 views
Classical Explanation for Electron-Ion collisions
Classically, electrons collide with other electrons and massive (by comparison), stationary positive ions as they conduct down a wire when an electric field is applied. Is there a good mechanism ...
0
votes
1answer
35 views
Do ionized salt solutions produce electromagnetic field?
When there is a solution ions of both negatively and positively charged ions, is there an electromagnetic field due to Brownian motion of ions? Do oppositely charged ions mutually cancel out their ...
0
votes
0answers
24 views
Electronegative - Electropositive atoms can attract ions?
Well I was just wondering how a copper-zinc battery works, with electrolyte an equilibrium of water and NaOH. It says that NaOH is dissolved (I understand that) into water forming H$_4$O$_8$Na+ ions ...
1
vote
1answer
47 views
When atom absorb energy, how does the nucleon know? [duplicate]
Imagine a photon hits a hydrogen ion and is absorbed, how do the nucleon of the hydrogen knows and start to accelerate? Any difference between this and hydrogen ion in a electric field?
2
votes
2answers
32 views
Why doesn't ionized air give you a current shock?
According to Tesla coil, the air gets ionized and why doesn't ionized air give current shock to a person standing in the ionized air?
2
votes
2answers
70 views
Touching single line of AC Power and charge oscillation in body
If a person touches a single line of AC(Only on the live line, and no where else. Say he/she is hanging on the power line using one hand) as shown in the attached image, Do the ions in his/her body ...
0
votes
1answer
39 views
Ion optics of a gridded ion thruster
Followup to this question.
The holes in the grid of an ion thruster should be thought of as an optical device for ions. As is shown here, ions are focused to the center of the stream. My question is ...
1
vote
2answers
51 views
Hole size in ion thruster's accel-grid v. scoop-grid
In ion thrusters, the scoop grid is charged positively and "scoops" ions from the plasma. The accel grid is charged negatively and placed at some distance to accelerate the ions by the applied voltage....
1
vote
1answer
117 views
Force between nucleus and electron [duplicate]
Let's say we have a hydrogen atom in electric field. If the field is strong enough, electron will be separated from nucleus. How to determine the value of $E$ at which it happens?
To my understanding,...
0
votes
1answer
24 views
do metallic ions migrate thru liquids and moist materials
Consider the pictogram, the cotton balls, damp paper towel and iron nails are all very soaked/covered with conductive salt water and the battery leads are soldered to the nails. Do metal ions travel ...
0
votes
1answer
26 views
Can atoms capture beta particles or secondary electrons into their orbits and become anions?
Since beta-particles are just free-moving electrons, shouldn't they be caught by strongly-electronegative atoms and thus create anions?
Why do they instead create more cations by knocking other ...
0
votes
1answer
36 views
Can sea wave make ions?
I came into this website and thought it is not true.
The i remembered you can ionize a rod by rubbing cloth so it might be possible.
No matter if these ions can be absorbed or have significant effect ...
0
votes
1answer
48 views
Can wind blow away the ionised gases created by plasma/arc lighters
I understand that for plasma lighters to work, they ionise the air between the electrodes. I am wondering what happens to these ionised gases during lighting.
Do they remain ionised for a while and ...
0
votes
0answers
14 views
The direction of travel of ions in superpositioned electric fields
If a neutral atom A is placed in a superpositioned electric field like this
and the superpositioned electric field strength at where A is in the pic has reached the atom's ionization energy, how ...
0
votes
0answers
245 views
Could the energy (voltage) required by a ionocraft style EHD thruster be decreased through combining multiple small ionocraft?
I saw a lot of ionocraft designs are focused on building them as big as possible to increase the amount of air the ionized air could push down.
This got me thinking. Since one big problem facing ...
0
votes
1answer
39 views
Atomic spectroscopy with nuclear spin: hyperfine splitting
In $^{171} Yb$, nuclear spin $1/2$, there is a transition:
$^{2}S_{1/2}(F=0) \rightarrow\; ^{2} F_{7/2} (F=3)$
In this paper on p.3 (top-left) they say that $m_F^{(f)} = 0$ at the final state $^2 F_{...
0
votes
1answer
43 views
Repulsion force of a magnetic field and a positive ion
I'm trying to figure this out but my understanding is limited so I'd appreciate any help.
For the sake of simplicity, let's say I've stripped away the electron from an atom of hydrogen leaving only ...
0
votes
2answers
78 views
Is the air we breathe ionized?
Is the air we breathe ionized? I am reading a book that says that the air we breathe is ionized but from what I have read so far, it is only the air in the upper atmosphere that is ionized.
4
votes
1answer
352 views
Can hydrogen have 3 electrons?
Can i in any way force a hydrogen atom to have three electrons? Two electrons in first shell and one in the second?
2
votes
2answers
850 views
Could a strong enough electric field tear a hydrogen atom apart? [duplicate]
A neutral hydrogen atom is composed of a proton and an electron.
The overall charge on the atom is zero but there are local charges within the atom as the negative and positive charge is not evenly ...
3
votes
2answers
1k views
Why does the electrical conductivity of salt water increase with increase in temperature?
Is it due to the mobile ions that vibrate with higher energy that increases their conductance? It is noteworthy that the electrical conductivity in metals decreases as the temperature is increased but,...
0
votes
1answer
123 views
Electron Volts in Covalent Bonds of Nitrogen [closed]
(once again this question is not a duplicate of any other question to my knowledge, and this should actually help alot of people trying to ionize air)
for one you can easily figure out that nitrogen ...
1
vote
0answers
44 views
Is the following a valid question re: The Coulomb force?
I'm making up some practice questions for a course on electromagnetism and electric circuits. I like to make the students think, but I also want to make sure that my questions aren't terribly ...
0
votes
1answer
1k views
How can an atom exist without electrons?
Consider ${\rm He}^{2+}$ as a example. It has 2 protons and 2 neutrons but no electrons. How is that ion can exist as an atom, and how can we account for its stability?
7
votes
1answer
174 views
Chemistry of electrical conductivity of pure water
I understand the electrical conductivity of pure water is very low, but not zero, and is due to the slight number of H+ and OH- ions naturally present. I understand that they will move under the ...
1
vote
1answer
100 views
How much heat is needed for an atom to be ionized? [duplicate]
We all know that heat or high voltage makes atoms into an excited state, stripping off the electrons off of their nucleus. But how much heat do you exactly need to create plasma, or have the majority ...
0
votes
0answers
71 views
How powerful of an electric current would I need to fully ionize plasma under the specific circumstances below?
in a cylinder shaped vacuum chamber 4 inches in height and 5 in diameter at 1/100th atmosphere, with 3 cathodes at the face arranged in a equilateral triangle in exactly between the center and and the ...
1
vote
0answers
53 views
Can air plasma ions in a fusor fuse?
I know that hydrogen ions will fuse in a fusor but what about air ions? Can air plasma ions in a fusor fuse? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusor, if so, under what cicumstances, and how would I ...
0
votes
1answer
116 views
Why is there no Sigma-minus ground state for molecular hydrogen ion?
I'm studying a bit of molecular physics and having some trouble understanding the +/- symmetry in a simplest molecule like a molecular hydrogen ion (2 protons and 1 electron).
In a book, usually they ...
0
votes
1answer
126 views
How to fully ionize plasma
How would I fully ionize plasma in a vacuum chamber? How would I know that it is fully ionized? Could I even come close? How could I measure how would I know how ionized the plasma is.
0
votes
1answer
61 views
How likely is it that 'Einstein spontaneous transition rate" in these papers refers to the rate of spontaneous emission?
In a prior question I sorta posed the question "What is the Einstein spontaneous transition rate for the selected line?"
The main question wasn't really focused on it, and (as of writing this) the ...
0
votes
0answers
52 views
Where does this equation for ionic abundances come from, and what does it mean?
So I've been attempting to find ionic abundances using visual emission spectra of planetary nebula, and I ran across an equation to do that in the paper Abundances of planetary nebulae NGC 40 and NGC ...
5
votes
2answers
404 views
How fast do electrons move in an electric arc?
I know that they move extremely slow in wire,
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jbi7gJTPSXk) but how fast do electrons move in air in an electric spark/arc?
1
vote
1answer
27 views
What is the deflective efficiency of glass?
If I have ions, electrons, and gas particles bouncing off of glass, how much energy will the particles retain? what % of the energy will be be retained what % lost, the particles I am referring to are ...
1
vote
0answers
27 views
What tools to use to model charge migration?
I would like to simulate charge migration in an applied electrical field in the context of a biological system. Some of the charges are ions floating in solution (which cannot cross the cell membrane,...
3
votes
0answers
304 views
Accelerated ion beam current
If an electron gun creates a $10\space mA$ electron beam and each electron collides with a gas atom and creates an ion through impact ionization, can the ions then be accelerated with a separate ...
0
votes
1answer
2k views
Definition of a charged body
In my lecture notes it is said:
In normal circumstances every atom, of any substance (conducting or not), has an equal amount of positively and negatively charged particles, hence it is neutral. ...
0
votes
1answer
259 views
Conduction and Ionic Conduction
How the ionic conduction is different from normal conduction ? Does the electrons that leave atoms completely conduct in ionic conduction while in normal conduction the conduction takes place through ...
0
votes
1answer
199 views
can you add a electron to sodium?
if you have a sodium+1 ion, are you able to add one electron some way to make it back to a neutral sodium atom?
0
votes
1answer
352 views
Can someone clarify the units for the Nernst-Einstein relation?
I am using the Nernst-Einsten relation as a way to calculate the dc ionic conductivity ($\sigma_{dc}$) of a membrane:
$$\sigma_{dc} = \frac{q^2CD }{k_BT}$$
where:
$q$ is the charge on ions [Coulombs]...
1
vote
0answers
207 views
How does the “lifter”/ionocraft device work? [closed]
A while ago I watched a documentary which at the end (don't let the name mislead you, I'm asking about a perfectly real phenomenon) shows an experiment which its inventor calls a "lifter"/ionocraft. ...
1
vote
1answer
78 views
Which equations would allow you to calculate the force exerted on a charged ion moving through a magnetic field? [closed]
Due to 'shear' of the electrical double layer when a liquid is forced through a pipe, ions of net charge are mechanically transported in a specific direction. I want to calculate the force that a ...
