Questions tagged [climate-science]
The climate-science tag has no usage guidance.
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Evidence of Anthropogenic Climate Change
I'm not sure this is a good place to ask this but I would like academic sources showing how atmospheric physicists account for where CO$_2$ in our atmosphere is coming from. I would like primary ...
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How does the heat energy from burning a gallon of gasoline compare to the solar energy the resulting $\rm CO_2$ absorbs in the atmosphere?
I think essentially all of the energy from a gallon of gasoline burned in, say, a car is eventually converted into heat in the atmosphere. But I don't think the heat from burning fossil fuels ...
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Is there no way to bypass greenhouse gasses by converting excess heat to longerwave radiation?
The problem with greenhouse gases, as I understand it, is that they absorb and emit radiation within the thermal infrared range leading to increased temperatures on Earth. According to some sources, ...
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Realistic Ocean Shears
I was wondering if anyone could point me to published data on the vertical structure of strong ocean currents, such as the Gulf Stream. I am primarily interested in the mean current profile as a ...
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Thermal expansion of the oceans versus thermal expansion of land masses
I am told that some, (about half of the 3 mm per year), rise in the sea level, is due to the thermal expansion of the oceans. But thermal expansion should affect the land masses also, so shouldn't the ...
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What are the Equations for Climate modeling of alien planet?
I am studying complex dynamic system and I would like to analyze the climating formation of a possible alien planet considering climate as a complex system .
For this I do not want to use a whole ...
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Oxygen condensation on Earth
I am getting interesting results using the Clausius-Clapeyron relation to calculate the saturation vapour pressure of diatomic oxygen. I am using the following values:
214kJ/kg for latent heat of ...
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Is there a filter which can convert light from the sun to Microwaves directly?
Is there a way to filter light from the sun (visible, UV, and/or IR) and convert the energy from it directly into Microwaves without putting in any energy? Barring this is there a way to do the same ...
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(Hypothetical Scenario) How quickly the temperatures would rise if say 300Gt $\rm CH_4$ were released in less than one day( or within hours)?
Yes, I know sounds a bit dumb but I wondered how quickly the temperatures would rise in this extremely unlikely scenario, how long it would take (days, weeks).
I'm asking this because sometimes I ...
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Nature of relationship between atmospheric $\rm CO_2$ and temperature
So I had a simple thought:
Venus is ~400C with 95% CO2, and Earth is ~15C with 0% CO2..
Assuming linearity, this equates to 1C for 1% atmospheric CO2.
Why is the relationship assumed to be so much ...
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Relation between vertically integrated precipitable water and precipitation
My background is not in meteorology, but I am interested in climate models of tidally-locked planets of red-dwarf stars. I recently found a great review of different conditions on such planets modeled ...
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What processes permit (presumed) emission by, but prohibit absorption of, IR photons by non-greenhouse gas molecules?
It is said that because of bond-structures / possible vibrational states, non-greenhouse-gases / homonuclear diatomics cannot absorb IR.
Presumably there is no question that all gases, being matter, ...
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Rising sea levels due to thermal expansion
According to NASA, one of the main reasons for the rising of sea levels is the increase in ocean temperature. The increase was of $0.4^\circ \text{F}\sim 0.2^\circ C$ for waters with depth $\sim700\...
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does diluting sea water from iceberg melt raise levels
I'm asking this because I just joined and am not permitted to comment on the question "Does the sea level increase if an iceberg melts?"
According google search, one liter of sea water contains 35 ...
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Temperature Proxy (Climate)
At the bottom of the wikipedia article on climate proxies there is this formula:
$$
\delta \, {\rm ^{18}O} = \frac{\frac{\left[\rm{^{18}O}\right]}{\left[\rm{^{16}O}\right]}}{\frac{\left[\rm{^{18}O}\...
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In terms of the greenhouse effect, what is the Earth's heat capacity?
Has the earth’s atmosphere reached an equilibrium at which the input radiation energy roughly equals its output, or is the output significantly lower than the input because the energy is being used to ...
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Human body water storage effects on weather patterns
There are 7.614 billion humans and counting. On average a human being consists of 60% water. With that water being locked away from natural circulation for an average of 80 years. Are there any ...
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How does the Greenhouse Effect of $CO_2$ modify the classical explanation for atmospheric lapse rate?
Classical physics theory relating to gravity and the properties of gases seems to dictate that the lapse rate of a planetary atmospheres is determined by just 2 factors. The equation being $-g/c$, ...
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Energy Per Dry Ice Mass Required By de Laval Expansion of Air?
There has been a lot of talk lately about CO2 extraction from air. Since there are rocket engines in which ice crystals precipitate in the exhaust when expanding into near vacuum, it seems dry ice ...
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Equations of idealized greenhouse model with $n$-layers?
I wanna work with this climate model, the idealized greenhouse model. The Wikipedia page explains it very well with an example using one layer of atmosphere. Then it mentions that you can add more ...
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How long does it take for a $\rm CO_2$ molecule close to the surface of the Earth to reemit an absorbed terrestial infrared quant after absorption?
In the theory of climate change a special position is reserved for $\rm CO_2$. In this theory $\rm CO_2$ molecules are absorbing infrared quants emitted by the surface of the Earth. These quants are ...
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Solution of gases (i. e. carbon dioxide) in water
This question is related to my former question "Dissolution of Carbon Dioxide in water" and thanks for previous replies. It looks not so easy, so allow me to restate it (*)
Is there a ...
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Does vibrational energy transfer to translational energy when an excited $\rm CO_2$ molecule collides with an $\rm N_2$ or $\rm O_2$ molecule?
My understanding is that when a $\rm CO_2$ molecule absorbs a photon of heat in the atmosphere after some time it simply re-emits that photon in a random direction. If that photon makes it back to its ...
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Convert specific humidity to relative humidity but without having all variables available?
I was wondering if there is a way to obtain relative humidity from specific. My constraint is that I am not trying to solve a problem by hand. I am downloading data for a specific region, in order to ...
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How can I calculate to how fast heat is transferred from the surface of a massive hall to the ceiling?
I have asked something similar to this question before but couldn't get an useful answer: https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/213240/i-am-building-an-isolated-indoor-temperate-rain-...
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Greenhouse or compression?
Convection driven compressional warming is accepted here on Earth by scientists( Chinook winds, Santa Anna winds) when there is such low pressure, 1 bar = 14 psi. Scientists also agree that Jupiter’s ...
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Is there a tabulated reference for CO$_2$ reactions showing entropy and free energy?
With all the climate change attention I am hoping to find a CO$_2$ reference that can help me find a $\text{CO}_2$ reaction with $\Delta \text{S}^{\circ}$ less than zero, and ideally $\Delta \text{G}^{...
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Does human made global warming of atmosphere drive the increase of volcanic and tectonic activity?
I read in the handbook that the heat transfer coefficient between magma and soil is very small. What then is the mechanism of the predominant influence of global warming due to greenhouse emissions on ...
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Is there a way to visualize the properties of $\rm CO_2$ regarding IR to a layman?
I think about how to explain the greenhouse effect to somebody with no physics background. What to explain to a general layperson, basically.
I have ideas how to go on from that CO₂ are some kind of ...
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What are the implications of a warmer earth for hurricanes by 2100?
The main magic number is the surface sea water temperature. Above, I think 27 C the warm, moist air provides more energy that the storm uses.
This is why the hurricane season is late summer into ...
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Radiative Forcing
In a first approximation the radiative forcing $RF$ is related to the temperature change by the linear relation
$$
\Delta T = \lambda \, RF
$$
where
$$
\lambda\approx 0.8 \, \frac{{\rm K}}{{\rm W}/{\...
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How to know wind speed, given the force
I'm doing a game that is set in a desert and there are sand storms that occur periodically. What I've done is very basic and far from realistic, which is
...
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What happens to the "curvature term" in the equations of motion for a rotating fluid near Earth's poles?
For a rotating fluid in spherical geometry, one of the terms of the equations of motion is the "curvature term". For example, for the zonal component of velocity (corresponding to eastward ...
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$CO_2$ absoprtion bands in atmosphere and impact of increasing concentration levels
I have a question to do with this graphic and the CO2 absorption band highlighted with a red vertical line.
The image shows that nearly 100% of the IR energy in that band is absorbed in the ...
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